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| 主題 | 托福考試詞匯向導（ 之五） taisha.org 2002-04-08 08:50:36 | | | Unit 21
orientation n.適應(環境);指導 [app<ORIENT]
orifice n.口;孔;洞 [F<LL orificium<os oris mouth+facere make]
orison n.祈禱 [ME<AF ureison, OF oreison<L(ORATION演說;致詞;敘述法)]
ornate a.裝飾華麗的 [ME<L ornatus pp. of ornare adorn]
orotund a.宏亮的;誇張的 [L ore rotundo with rounded mouth]
orphan n.a.v.孤兒;使成孤兒
oscillate v.游移不定;躊躇 [L oscillare oscillat- swing]
ossify v.骨化 [F ossifier<L os ossis bone]
ostensible a.表面的;假裝的 [F<medL ostensibilis<L ostendere ostens- stretch out to view(OB-, tendere stretch)]
ostracize v.摒棄;排斥 [Gk ostrakizo<ostrakon shell, potsherd(used to write a name on in voting)]
otiose a.無效的;多余的 [L otiosus<otium leisure]
outbid v.出高于...的價錢
outgoing a.外出的;出發的
outlandish a.古怪的 [OE utlendisc<utland foreign country<OUT+LAND]
outrage n.v.粗暴;暴力;傷害 [ME<OF outrage<outrer exceed<outre<L ultra beyond outrageous粗暴的;無禮的]
ovation n.熱烈歡迎;鼓掌;大受歡迎 [L ovatio<ovare exult]
overhaul v.分解檢查;精細檢查 [orig Naut, = release(rope-tackle)by slackening slacken 放松<away, off>]
overlap v.重複
overshadow v.遮陰;使失色;勝過 [E ofersceadwian(OVER-, SHADOW)]
overweening a.過分的;自負的
overwhelm v.淹沒;受打擊
overwrought a.過度緊張 [overwork的過去式過去分詞]
ovine a.綿羊的;似綿羊的 [LL ovinus<L ovis sheep]
pacifist n.非戰主義者
paean n.贊美歌;歡樂歌 [L<Doric Gk paian hymn of thanksgiving to Apollo(under the name of Paian)]
pagan n.異教徒 [ME<L paganus villager, rustic<pagus country district: in Christian L = civilian, heathen paganism 異教];[ 異教信仰;偶像崇拜
pageant n.盛會;游行;露天歷史劇 [ME pagyn, the ~ of historical events 一連串引人注目的歷史事件(<L."舞台")]
pal n.伙伴;共犯 [Romany = brother, mate, ult<Skr bhratr BROTHER]
palatable a.怡人的;味美的 [palate上顎;味覺;趣味,嗜好ME<L palatum]
palatial a.壯麗堂皇的 [L(PALACE)]
palaver a.空談;閒談;奉承 [Port palavra word<L(PARABLE寓言;比喻,譬語(<G."比較")]
palette n.調色盤 [F, dimin of pale shovel<L pala spade]
pall v.使生厭 [The novelty will soon ~ on them 那種新奇不久就會使他們感到厭倦 APPAL嚇唬,使驚駭 The sight] [~ed me 那景象使我心驚膽戰]
palladium n.智慧女神之像;保障物 [ME<L<Gk palladion image of Pallas(Athene), a protecting deity]
pallet n.簡陋的小床 [F palette: PALETTE 調色板 (盤) ;(一套的)顏料(畫家、繪畫的)色彩範圍 (種類)]
palliate v.減輕;緩和(病、痛等) [LL palliare to cloak<pallium cloak palliation(過失的)減輕 辯解;緩和的辦法,姑息手段]
pallid a.蒼白的;呆板的 [L pallidus PALE]
pallor n.(臉色)蒼白;青白;灰白 [L<pallere be pale;a deathly ~ 死人般的蒼白]
palpable a.易察覺的;可觸知的 [ME<LL palpabilis(PALPATE(醫)觸診]
palpitate v.急速地跳動;抖動 [L palpitare frequent of palpare touch gently]
paltry a.微不足道的 [16th c:<paltry trash app<palt, pelt rubbish+-RY(cf trumpery): cf LG paltrig ragged]
pamphlet n.小冊子;時事論文小冊子 [ME<Pamphilet, the familiar name of the 12th-c Latin love poem Pamphilus seu de Amore]
pan n.平鍋;藥室;盤狀的窪地 [Hindi<Skr parna feather, leaf]
panacea n.萬靈藥 [L<Gk panakeia<panakes all-healing(PAN-, akos remedy)]
pandemonium n.喧囂;騷亂 [modL(place of all demons in Milton’s Paradise Lost)<PAN-+Gk daimon DEMON 希臘神話中介于神]人[ 之間的惡魔(<L."惡鬼")
pander v.為淫媒;迎合 [Pandare, a character in Boccaccio and in Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde,<L Pandarus<Gk Pandaros]
panegyric n.頌詞;褒詞 [F panegyrique<L panegyricus<Gk panegurikos of public assembly(PAN-, eguris = agora assembly)]
panic n.驚慌;恐慌;非常有趣的人 [OE<L panicum<panus thread on bobbin, millet-ear<Gk penos web 蜘蛛網(cobweb)設計的圈套,陰謀,] [阱(of)]
panoply n.全副盔甲 [F panoplie or modL panoplia full armour<Gk(PAN-, oplia<hopla arms)]
panorama n.全景;範圍 [PAN-+Gk horama view<horao see]
pantheism n.宇宙即神論;多神崇拜 [PAN-+Gk theos god]
pantomime n.啞劇;手勢 [F pantomime or L pantomimus<Gk pantomimos(PANTO-, MIME啞劇)]
par n.同等;票面價格;平均量 [L(adj & n)= equal, equality]
parable n.寓言;警語 [ME<OF parabole<LL sense ’allegory, discourse’ of L parabola comparison]
paradigm n.典範;詞之變化例 [LL paradigma<Gk paradeigma<paradeiknumi show side by side(PARA-, deiknumi show)paradigmatic ]模 [的,例証的;詞形變化(表)的]
paradox n.似非而是的雋語 [<Gk paradoxon neut adj(PARA-旁邊, doxa opinion)]
paragon n.模範;優秀的人物 [obs F<It paragone touchstone,<medGk parakone whetstone]
parallel a.平行;相似 [F parall e<L parallelus<Gk parallelos(PARA-, allelos one another)]
paramount a.最高的;至上的;主要的 [AF paramont<OF par by+amont above: cf AMOUNT]
paramour n.奸夫(婦);情夫(婦) [ME<OF par amour by love]
paranoia n.偏執狂;妄想狂 [modL<Gk<paranoos distracted(PARA-旁邊, noos mind)]
paraphernalia n.裝備;隨身用品 [rig = property owned by a married woman,<medL paraphernalia<LL parapherna<Gk parapherna property apart] [from a dowry(PARA-, pherna f]
paraphrase v.意譯;改寫 [F paraphrase or L paraphrasis<Gk paraphrasis<paraphrazo(PARA- phrazo tell)]
parasite n.寄生蟲;寄生植物 [PARA-, sitos food parasitic 寄食的,靠別人為生的 nit 虱及其他寄生蟲的卵]
parch v.使焦幹 [ME perch, parche, PARCHED<地面等>幹透的,焦幹的 The ground was ~ 地面幹透了]
paregoric n.止痛藥;緩和劑 [LL paregoricus<Gk paregorikos soothing(PARA-, -agoros speaking<agora assembly)pare(用刀子)削<] [果、馬鈴薯等>的皮]
pariah n.被社會遺棄者 [Tamil paraiyar pl of paraiyan hereditary drummer<parai drum]
parity n.相同;類似 [formed as -PAROUS + -ITY]
parlance n.說法;語調 [OF<parler speak, ult<L parabola(see PARABLE): in LL = ’speech’ way or manner of talking or speaking]
parley n.談判
[perh<OF parlee, fem pp. of parler speak: PARLANCE說話的口氣;語調;(特有的)說法 in legal ~ 用法 律用語來說
parlous a.危險的;麻煩的 [ME, = PERILOUS危險的]
parody n.打油詩;諷刺詩;拙劣模仿 [LL parodia or Gk paroidia burlesque poem(PARA- 表示"側"、]
paroxysm n.猛然發作;陣發 [<Gk paroxusmos<paroxuno exasperate(PARA-, oxuno sharpen<oxus sharp)]
parricide n.軾父母、長上者;軾尊罪 [assoc in L with pater father and parens parent]
parry v.擋開;躲開 [prob repr F parez imper of parer<It parare ward off躲開]
parsimonious a.吝嗇的 [parsimony 極度的節儉;吝嗇]
partiality n.偏見;偏愛 [ME<OF parcialite<medL partialitas(PARTIAL)]
partisan n.同黨;游擊隊 [F<It dial partigiano etc<parte PART]
partition n.分割;劃分;隔板 [ME<OF<L partitio -onis(PARTITE分裂的)]
parvenu n.暴發戶 [F, pp. of parvenir arrive<L pervenire(PER-, venire come)]
passive a.被動的;消極的 [ME<OF passif -ive or L passivus(PASSION)]
pastiche n.模仿作品 [F<It pasticcio ult<LL pasta PASTE]
pastoral a.田園的;寧靜的 [ME<L pastoralis(PASTOR)]
pasture n.v.牧場;草地;放牧;吃草
patch n.補丁;一小片(土地) [ME pacche, patche, perh var of peche<OF pieche dial var of piece PIECE]
patchwork n.補綴品;湊合物
patent a.專利權 [ME<OF patent and L patere lie open PATENCY 明白;開放;明顯的事]
paternal a.父親的;得自父親的
pathetic a.悲慘的;引人憐憫的 [F pathetique<LL patheticus<Gk pathetikos(PATHOS傷感;悲傷)]
pathological a.病理學的;病理上的 [pathology病理學,病理;病狀 F pathologie or modL pathologia(PATHO-, -LOGY)]
pathos n.哀婉動人的性質 [Gk pathos suffering, rel to paskho suffer, penthos grief]
patina n.古銅上所生綠鏽 [It<L patina dish]
patio n.庭院;平台 [(<西班牙語) ((pl ~s) (西班牙式房屋的) 內院,中庭 (inner court)]
patois n.方言;土語 [F, = rough speech, perh<OF patoier treat roughly<patte paw]
patriarch n.家長;族長
[ME<OF patriarche<ecclL patriarcha<Gk patriarkhes<patria family<pater father+-arkhes -ruler patriarchy家 長(族長)統治;父權制
patrimony n.繼承之事物;遺產 [ME patrimoigne<OF patrimoine<L patrimonium<pater patris father]
patronage n.保護;獎勵;照顧 [ME<OF(PATRON保護人;顧客)]
paucity n.稀少;缺乏 [ME<OF paucite or<L paucitas<paucus few]
pawn n.典當;抵押;人質;兵;走卒 [pawnbroker典當商]
peak n.峰;絕頂;鴨舌帽 [peaky有峰的;尖的;消瘦的]
peculate v.侵占;盜用 [L peculari rel to peculium: PECULIAR奇特的;罕見的;特殊的]
pecuniary a.金錢的;金錢上的 [L pecuniarius<pecunia money<pecu cattle]
pedagogue n.教師(常含蔑視之意) [ME<L paedagogus<Gk paidagogos<pais paidos boy+agogos guide]
pedant n.迂儒;拘泥形式的人 [F pedant<It pedante: app formed as PEDAGOGUE pedantry假裝學者;賣弄學問;炫學]
pedestal n.雕像等的台架;基礎 [F piedestal<It piedestallo<pi foot<L pes pedis+di of+stallo STALL貨攤;停頓 PEDDLE沿街叫賣]
pedestrian a.徒步的;散文體的;通俗的 [pedestre or L pedester -tris]
pediatrician n.小兒科醫師
pediment n.山形牆;三角牆 [earlier pedament, periment, perh corrupt of PYRAMID(常 P~)金字塔 2(數學)角錐]
peek v.偷看;窺見 [ME pike, pyke, steal a ~ 偷看]
peer n.貴族;上院議員;同輩 [ME<AF & OF pe(e)r, perer<LL pariare<L par equal]
pejorative a.侮蔑的 [F pejoratif -ive<LL pejorare make worse(pejorate 使惡化;使變壞 變壞;惡化]
pelf n.金錢;不義之財 [ME<ONF<OF pelfre, peufre spoils: cf PILFER盜竊]
pell-mell ad.混亂地;紛亂地 [F p e-m e, OF pesle mesle, mesle pesle, etc, redupl of mesle<mesler mix]
pellucid a.清澈明晰的;易懂的 [L pellucidus<perlucere(PER-, lucere shine)]
pelt v.毛皮 [ME<obs pellet skin ~ a person with stones = ~ stones at a person 對某人投擲石頭 The rain ~ed against the] [window 雨猛烈地打 在窗子上]
penalize v.處刑;宣告有罪;處罰 [pen 雌鵠;監禁]
penance n.(贖罪的)懲罪;告解 [ME<OF<L paenitentia(PENITENT懺悔的;悔罪者)]
penchant n.傾向;愛好 [F, pres part of pencher incline]
pendant a.垂飾 [ME<OF<pendre hang<L pendere]
pendent a.懸垂的;突出的;未定的 [ME(PENDANT)]
pending a.未定的;即將發生的 [after F pendant(see PENDENT)]
pendulous a.下垂的;擺動的 [L pendulus<pendere hang]
penetrate v.穿過;穿透;看透 [L penetrare place or enter within<penitus interior penetrating 滲透的;貫通的;銳利的;有洞察力的 This is] [a ~ analysis of the situation]
penitent a.後悔的 [ME<OF<L paenitens<paenitere repent後悔]
pension n.年奉;養老金;生活津貼 [F: PENSION]
pensive a.沉思的;憂鬱的 [ME<OF pensif, -ive<penser think<L pensare frequent of pendere pens- weigh]
penurious a.吝嗇的;貧窮的 [medL penuriosus(PENURY貧困;貧窮ME<L penuria, perh rel to paene almost)]
peonage n.勞役償債;勞役償債制度 [peon (中南美)工人,散工,日工]
perceive v.知覺;感知;理會 [ME<OF per ivre,<L percipere(PER-, capere take)]
perception n.知覺;認知;理解;知覺力 [E<L perceptio(PERCEIVE)perceptible 認得出的;可知覺的;看得見的;相當的]
percolate v.過濾;滲出;浸透
[L percolare(PER-全部, colare strain緊張;拉緊<colum strainer松緊扣;過濾器)I’ll ~ some coffee for you 我給你濾煮一些咖啡
percussion n.衝撞;敲擊 [F percussion or L percussio(PERCUSS扣診)repercussion 彈回;反應;影響 I am afraid that this event will] [have serious ~s]
peremptory a.專橫的 [AF peremptorie, OF peremptoire<L peremptorius deadly, decisive,<perimere perempt- destroy, cut off(PER-,] [emere take, buy)]
perennial a.長久的;永遠的 [L perennis(PER-, annus year)]
perfectionist n.力求完美者;吹毛求疵者
perfidy n.背信;不誠實 [L perfidia<perfidus treacherous(PER-, fidus<fides faith)perfidious不誠實的;背信的]
perforate v.穿孔;貫穿;打孔 [L perforare(PER-, forare pierce) perforat n.鑽孔]
perforce a.必需地;必然地 [ME<OF par force by FORCE]
perfume n.芳香;香味;香水 [F parfum, parfumer<obs It parfumare, perfumare(PER-, fumare smoke, FUME): orig of smoke from a burning] [substance]
perfunctory a.表面的;敷衍了事的 [LL perfunctorius careless<L perfungi perfunct-(PER-, fungi perform)]
perigee n.近地點 [F perigee<modL<Gk perigeion round the earth(PERI-周圍, ge earth)]
perilous a.危險的 [ME<OF perillous<L periculosus<periculum: PERIL 危險;冒險;危難(ME<OF<L periclum at one’s ~ ]冒險)
perimeter n.周圍;周長 [F perim re or<L perimetrus<Gk perimetros(PERI-, metros<metron measure)]
period a.時代;句號;休止符 [ME<OF periode<L periodus<Gk periodos(PERI-, odos = hodos way)]
peripatetic a.走來走去的;消遙學派的 [ME<OF peripatetique or L peripateticus<Gk peripatetikos<peripateo(PERI-, pateo walk)]
peripheral a.周圍的;外面的;枝節的 [PARIPHERY 外圍;不重要的部分(PERI-, phereia<phero bear)]
perjury n.偽証;偽証罪 [ME<AF perjurie<OF parjurie<L perjurium(PERJURE使偽誓(証);使破壞誓言 PER-表面, jurare swear)]
permeate v.滲透;透過 [L permeare permeat-(PER-, meare pass, go)permeable有浸透性的;能透過的]
pernicious a.有害的;致命的
[L perniciosus<pernicies ruin<nex necis death ~ anemia 惡性貧血 thoughts ~ to society 對社會有害的 思想
peroration n.(演說等之)結論;總結 [perorate 對演說下結論,結束演說 詳述,滔滔不絕地演講]
perpendicular a.成直角的;險峻的 [E<L perpendicularis<perpendiculum plumb-line<PER-+pendere hang]
perpetrate v.犯罪;行詐 [L perpetrare perpetrat-(PER-, patrare effect)~ a swindle 行欺詐 ~ a joke(不看場合地)亂開玩笑]
perpetual a.永久的;不間斷的 [ME<OF perpetuel<L perpetualis<perpetuus<perpes -etis continuous perpetuate 使永存;使不朽]
perplexity n.困惑;混亂;困窘的事物 [E<OF perplexite or LL perplexitas(PERPLEX) in ~ 困惑地 perplexed 困窘的;不知如何是好的;混亂]的.
Unit 22
perquisite n.額外補貼;犒賞 [ME<medL perquisitum<L perquirere search diligently for(PER-, quaerere seek)]
persecute v.以異端等為由的迫害 [ME<OF persecuter back-form<persecuteur persecutor<LL persecutor<L persequi(PER-, sequi secut- follow,] [pursue)persecution迫害,逼迫;困擾]
persevere v.堅忍;固執;不屈不撓 [ME<OF perseverer<L perseverare persist<perseverus very strict(PER-, severus severe)]
persiflage n.戲弄;挖苦 [F persifler banter, formed as PER-+siffler whistle]
persistent a.固執的;頑固的;永恆的
personable a.貌美的;動人的
personalities n.pl.誹謗 [單數時為"性格,個性"之意]
perspective n.透視;遠景 [ME<medL perspectiva(ars art)<perspicere perspect-(PER-, specere spect- look)]
perspiration n.出汗;賣力到流汗的程度 [PERSPIRE流汗(<L."穿透而呼吸")]
pert a.大膽的;時髦的;俏麗的 [ME<OF apert<L apertus pp. of aperire open &<OF aspert<L expertus EXPERT]
pertinacious a.頑強的;持久的 [L pertinax(PER-, tenax tenacious)]
perturb v.使煩惱;攪亂 [ME<OF pertourber<L(PER-, turbare disturb)]
pervade v.遍布;彌漫 [L pervadere(PER-, vadere vas- go)pervasive普遍的;蔓延的;滲透的]
perverse a.剛愎的;乖張的;倔強的
[ME<OF pervers perverse<L perversus(PERVERT 誤解;濫用;引入邪路,帶壞 perversive 導入邪惡的, 敗壞的,誤人的 曲解的,偏頗的,枉曲的
perversion n.顛倒;曲解;誤用 [E<L perversio(PERVERT)perversity 邪惡;剛愎,固執,倔強;乖張,荒謬]
pervert v.脫離;曲解;導向邪路 [ME<OF pervertir or<L pervertere(PER-, vertere vers- turn): cf CONVERT]
pervious a.可滲透的;可通過的 [L pervius(PER-, vius<via way)]
pessimism n.悲觀;悲觀主義 [L pessimus worst, after OPTIMISM]
pester v.使困惱 [prob<impester<F empestrer encumber: infl by PEST]
pestilential a.引起瘟疫的;有害的 [ME<medL pestilentialis<L pestilentia(PESTILENT致命的;傳染性的;有害的pestis plague)pest瘍疫;] [蟲;討厭的流行病 pesticide殺蟲劑]
petition n.請願;祈求;陳請書 [ME<OF<L petitio -onis PETITIONER請願人]
petrify v.使嚇呆;使石化 [<L petra rock石頭<Gk(petrifaction石化;化石;茫然若失 ETRIFY after stupefaction麻醉;昏睡;] [然)(petrology岩石學)]
pettifogger n.卑劣之律師;小題大作者 [PETTY+fogger underhand dealer, prob<Fugger family of merchants in Augsburg in the 15th-16th c]
pettish a.易怒的;鬧情緒的 [PET+-ISH]
petulant a.暴躁的 [F petulant<L petulans -antis<petere seek]
phantom n.幽靈;錯覺 [ME<OF fantosme ult<Gk phantasma(PHANTASM幻像;幽靈)phantasmal,-tasmic幻影的;幽靈的;空想的]
pharisaical a.重虛禮的;偽善的 [Pharisee 法利賽人,法利賽教派之教徒(古猶太教注重律法形式而墨守成規之保守派成員)(p~)(宗教] [之)形式主義者;偽善者]
philander v.不真誠地戀愛;調戲女子 [philander(n)used in Gk literature as the proper name of a lover,<Gk philandros fond of men<aner male person:] [PHIL-]
philately n.集郵 [F philatelie<Gk ateleia exemption from payment<a- not+telos toll代價, tax philatelist集郵 (郵票研究) 家]
philistine n.殘忍的敵人;庸俗的 [(古代居住于巴勒斯坦(Palestine)西南部之一好戰 民族,曾攻擊以色列人多次)]
philogyny n.愛女人 [(反)misogyny]
philology n.語言學 [F philologie<L philologia love of learning<Gk(PHILO-, -LOGY)]
phlegmatic a.冷靜的;遲鈍的;粘液質的 [a ~ temperament 粘液質 PHLEGM痰]
phobia n.恐懼症;畏懼 [-PHOBIA used as a separate word]
phoenix n.長生鳥;鳳凰;卓越超群者 [OE & OF fenix<L phoenix<Gk phoinix Phoenician, purple, phoenix]
phony a.膺品
phrase n.片語;警句;措辭 [earlier phrasis<L<Gk<phrazo declare, tell]
physiognomy n.相貌;外貌 [<Gk phusiognomonia judging of a man’s nature(by his features)(PHYSIO-, gnomon judge)]
physiological a.生理學的;生理的
picayune n.小錢幣;瑣屑的東西 [F picaillon Piedmontese coin, cash,<Prov picaioun]
pied a.雜色的;斑駁的 [ME<PIE, orig of friar(天主教)修道士(<L."兄弟")friable 易碎的,脆弱的]
pier n.碼頭;橋腳;角柱 [ME per<AL pera]
pierce v.刺穿;衝入;看穿 [ME<OF percer<L pertundere bore through(PER-, tundere tus- thrust)piercing 刺穿的;貫穿的;深深感動的] [The ~ sound of the police siren]
piety n.虔誠;信仰;孝行 [ME<OF piete<L pietas -tatis dutifulness(PIOUS虔誠的)]
pillage v.搶劫;掠奪 [ME<OF<piller plunder 掠奪,搶劫<人、地方等>~ a village 搶劫村莊]
pinch v.捏;使缺乏;逮補 [ME<AF & ONF pinchier(unrecorded), OF pincier, ult<L pungere punct- prick pincers pl鉗子;夾子;鑷子];[ 拔毛器
pinion v.束縛 [F pignon alt<obs pignol<L pinea pine-cone(PINE)]
pinnacle n.尖峰;頂點 [ME pinacle<OF pin(n)acle<LL pinnaculum<pinna wing, point(PIN, -CULE)]
pious a.虔誠的 [L pius dutiful, pious]
piquant a.辛辣的;夠刺激的
[F, pres part of piquer(PIQUE(尤指自尊心受損的)生氣,不高興,不悅;使生氣,使憤慨 使興奮;引起好 心]
pique v.生氣;激怒;使興奮
[I was ~d by her refusal 她的拒絕使我生氣 His curiosity was ~d by the locked box 那個上了鎖的箱子 引起他的好奇心 be in a(fit of)~ 在生氣,在賭氣
pirate n.海盜;著作權侵害者 [ME<L pirata<Gk peirates<peirao attempt, assault piracy海盜行為;剽竊;著作權侵害]
pirouette n.v.腳尖旋轉 [F, = spinning-top]
piscatorial a.魚的;漁業的;釣魚的
pitch v.柏油;音調 [OE pic<Gmc<L pix picis]
pitfall n.陷阱;誘惑;陰謀
pith n.脊髓;精力;精髓 [OE pitha<WG]
pithy a.(說話或文章)簡練的
pittance n.微薄的薪俸;少量 [ME<OF pitance<medL pi(e)tantia<L pietas PITY]
pivot n.樞紐;中心;旋轉 [F, of uncert orig]
placate v.安慰;和解 [L placare placat-]
placid a.平靜的 [F placide or L placidus<placere please (反)turbid]
plagiarism n.剽竊;抄襲 [plagiarize 剽竊,抄襲]
plague n.疫病 [ME<L plaga stroke, wound prob<Gk plaga, plege -plegia(用于複合字中)(醫)表"麻痺,癱瘓" 義],[如:paraplegia(病理)下身麻痺,截癱]
plaintive a.哀愁的 [ME<OF(-if, -ive)<plainte(PLAINT哀嘆;訴苦)]
plait n.褶;麥稈條帶;編繩 [ME<OF pleit fold ult<L plicare fold plait (常 ~s)(頭發的)辮子(braid)hair braided in ~s 編成辮子的頭發] [(pleat)]
plane n.水平面;程度;平坦的 [ME<OF<L platanus<Gk platanos<platus broad]
plangent a.回音的;如泣如訴的 [L plangere plangent- lament悔恨;悲嘆]
plaque n.(金屬;陶磁器等的)匾 [F<Du plak tablet<plakken stick]
plash v.激濺 [ME<OF pla(i)ssier ult<L plectere plait: cf PLEACH]
plastic a.塑料 [F plastique or L plasticus<Gk plastikos<plasso mould]
plateau n.高原;高地;飾匾;頂板 [F<OF platel dimin of plat flat surface. platform n.台;壇;綱領;綱領宣言.v.設台;放在台上;演說 F] [plateforme ground-plan <plate flat + forme FORM]
platonic a.精神的;柏拉圖式的 [Plato(427?-?347 BC;希臘哲學家,為蘇格拉底(Socrates)的弟子,亞里斯多德(Aristotle)的老師)]
plauditory a.可嘉許的;贊揚的
plausible a.似合理的;似可靠的 [L plausibilis(PLAUDIT(常 ~s)喝彩,拍手,稱贊]
plead v.辯論;抗辯;解釋 [ME<AF pleder, OF plaidier(PLEA懇求;辯護)]
plebeian a.普通的;平民的 [L plebeius<plebs plebis the common people]
plebiscite n.公民投票 [<L plebiscitum<plebs plebis the common people+scitum decree<sciscere vote for]
plenary a.充分的;完全的 [LL plenarius<plenus full]
plethora n.過多;過剩 [LL<Gk plethore<pletho be full]
pliable a.易彎的;柔韌的 [F<plier bend: PLY彎;折;辛勤工作 pliers鉗子 pliant易曲折的;柔軟的;柔順的;順從的]
plod v.沉重地走;辛勤工作 [The old man ~ded along on his way 那個老人吃力 地走著 ~ through a task 勤苦地做完工作 He plodded] [away at his lessons 他孜孜不倦地用功]
plow v.耕作;大熊座
[be at (follow, hold) the plow 以農為業,務農 put one’s hand to the plow 開始工作 under the plow<土 地>耕種中,在耕作下
ploy n.職業;遠征;花招
pluck v.摘;拉
[OE ploccian, pluccian ~ out a grey hair 拔出一根白發 ~ up weeds 拔去雜草 May I ~ some of these flowers?] 這些花我可以摘 一些嗎? plucky 有勇氣的
plumb v.鉛錘測定 [back-form<PLUMBER(瓦斯管、蒸氣管、上下水道的)配管工,水管工]
plume n.羽毛;前飾;搔首弄姿 [ME<OF<L pluma down]
plump a.肥胖的;清楚的;噗通地落 [How your cheeks have ~ed up (out) ! 你的臉頰變得多麼豐滿啊! ~ overboard 從船上噗通地掉落水中 ~] [into a chair 噗通一聲地坐在椅子上]
plunder v.搶奪 [LG pl dern lit ’rob of household goods’<MHG plunder clothing etc]
ply v.使用 [ME plye,<APPLY]
podium n.作基礎用之矮牆;指揮台 [L<Gk podion dimin of pous pod- foot]
pogrom n.大屠殺;集體迫害 [Russ, = devastation<gromit’ destroy(<蘇聯語"破壞")(尤指)對猶太人的屠殺]
poignant a.痛切的;濃厚的;辛辣的 [ME<OF, pres part of poindre prick<L pungere(<L."刺")~ regret 痛悔 poignancy 劇烈;強烈;刻薄;辛辣]
pointer n.指示的人;暗示;一種獵狗
poise v.使均衡;秤;泰然自弱 [J L M Poiseuille, Fr physician d 1869]
poke v.戳;插入;撥開;探索;閒逛 [ME<ONF poke, poque = OF poche: cf POUCH(皮革制的)小袋,煙草袋(袋鼠等有袋類的)囊狀部,腹袋]
polarity n.有兩極;磁性引力;兩極性 [polarization產生極性;成極(作用);分極(作用)]
polemic n.爭論;辯駁 [medL polemicus<Gk polemikos<polemos war]
polish v.上光劑 [ME<OF polir<L polire polit-]
politic a.有智慮的;得當的 [ME<OF politique<L politicus<Gk politikos<polites citizen<polis city]
polity n.政府制度 [L politia<Gk politeia<polites citizen<polis city]
pollster n.民意測驗專家 [poll(<中古荷蘭語"頭")(選舉等的)投票 pollard 截去了樹梢的樹 無角 (去角) 的鹿 (牛(等)) pollbook] [選舉人名冊]
poltroon n.膽怯者;懦夫 [F poltron<It poltrone perh<poltro sluggard懶人,游手好閒者]
polyglot a.通曉數種語言的 [F polyglotte<Gk poluglottos(POLY-, glotta tongue)]
polygraph n.多動描記器;測謊器
pommel v.毆打 [ME<OF pomel<Rmc pomellum(unrecorded), dimin of L pomum fruit, apple]
pomp n.華麗;盛典;華麗的游行 [ME<OF pompe<L pompa<Gk pompe procession, pomp<pempo send(<G."嚴肅的隊伍")]
ponder v.仔細考慮;沉思 [ME<OF ponderer<L ponderare<pondus -eris weight]
ponderous a.非常重的;搬運不便的 [ME<L ponderosus<pondus -eris weight]
pontifical a.教皇的;宗教的;高僧的 [ME<F pontifical or L pontificalis(PONTIFEX(古羅馬)高僧團之一員;高僧 主教;教皇,教宗]
pony n.小馬;逐字翻譯;小型物 [perh<poulney(unrecorded)<F poulenet dimin of poulain foal(<L."幼小動物")bet on the ponies 賭賽馬 pony] [edition(報紙之)航空版]
porcine a.豬的;髒的;卑鄙的 [F porcin or<L porcinus<porcus pig]
porous a.多孔的;多孔性的 [ME<OF poreux<medL porosus<L porus PORE(皮膚、樹葉等的)細孔;毛孔,氣孔(<G."通路")]
portent n.預兆;惡兆 [L portentum<por- PRO-+tendere stretch(PORTEND 成為的前兆;預知;給與的警告 portentious 前 的];[不祥的,有凶兆的 嚴肅的,森嚴的]
portly a.莊嚴的;肥胖的 [PORT 態度,舉止 at the ~ 端著槍,以端槍的姿勢 bearing 態度;舉止,方向,方面 a man of lofty] [(gentlemanly) ~ 態度高尚的 (紳士 風度的) 人]
portmanteau n.旅行皮包;合成字 [F portmanteau<porter carry<L portare+manteau MANTLE斗蓬;罩子]
pose n.姿勢;心理准備;假裝 [obs appose<OF aposer var of oposer OPPOSE]
posterior a.在後的;其次的 [L, compar of posterus following<post after POSTERITY子孫;後代]
posterity n.後代 [ME<OF posterite<L posteritas -tatis<posterus: POSTERIOR]
posthumous a.死後的;遺著的 [L postumus last(superl<post after): in LL posth- by assoc with humus ground]
potable a.適于飲用的 [<L potare drink]
potentate n.統治者;君主 [ME<OF potentat or L potentatus dominion]
potential a.可能的;潛在的
[ME<OF potencial or LL potentialis<potentia(POTENT 有力的,有勢力的 ;<藥等>有效的;<男子>有 性能力的 A ~ poison will kill those weeds
potion n.一服;一劑 [ME<OF<L potio -onis<potus having drunk]
potpourri n.混合之事物;混成曲 [pot-pour-ri]
practicable a.可實行的;能用的 [F praticable<pratiquer put into practice(PRACTICAL)]
pragmatic a.實際的 [<Gk pragmatikos<pragma -matos deed]
prate v.喋喋不休;空談 [ME<MDu, MLG praten, prob imit]
prattle v.閒談 [MLG pratelen(PRATE)]
preach v.講道;諄諄勸戒;勸告 [<L praedicare proclaim, in ecclL preach(PRAE-, dicare declare)]
precarious a.不確定的;危險的 [L precarius: PRAYER]
precede v.在先;居先 [OF preceder<L praecedere(PRAE-, cedere cess- go)]
precedent n.前例;在先的;在前的 [ME<OF(n & adj)(PRECEDE)]
precept n.箴言;教訓 [ME<L praeceptum neut pp. of praecipere praecept- warn, instruct(PRAE-, capere take)preceptor訓誡者;教師]
preciosity n.過于講究;矯揉造作 [OF preciosite<L pretiositas<pretiosus(PRECIOUS寶貴的;過于精致的;珍愛的)]
precipitant a.勇往直前的;火急的 [precipitate (<L."朝下投擲") 猛然扔下;沉澱]
precipitate v.擲下;急躁的;猛衝的 [PRAE-, caput head precipitation n.投下;落下;輕率 F precipitation or L praecipitatio(PRECIPITATE)]
precision n.精密;嚴謹;精度 [F precision or L praecisio(PRECISE)]
preclude v.排除;除去 [L praecludere praeclus-(PRAE-, claudere shut)]
precocious a.早熟的;過早的 [L praecox -cocis<praecoquere ripen fully(PRAE-, coquere cook)]
precursor n.先兆 [L praecursor<praecurrere praecurs-(PRAE-, currere run)]
predatory a.掠奪的;掠食性的 [L praedatorius(PREDATOR掠奪者;食肉動物)]
predestination n.前定;宿命 [ME<ecclL praedestinatio(PREDESTINATE)]
predilection n.偏好 [F predilection ult<L praediligere praedilect- prefer(PRAE-, diligere select): DILIGENT]
predominant a.優越的;有力的;顯著的
preeminent a.優越的;卓越的
preempt v.搶先取得;占用
preen v.用嘴理(毛) [ME, app var of earlier prune(perh rel to PRUNE): assoc with Sc & dial preen pierce, pin]
preface n.序文;前言;作序 [ME<OF<medL praefatia for L praefatio<praefari(PRAE-, fari speak)]
prefatory a.序文的;開場的
pregnant a.懷孕的;意味深長的 [ME<F pregnant or L praegnans -antis, earlier praegnas(prob as PRAE-,(g)nasci be born)]
prehensile a.(足、尾等)適于抓握的 [F prehensile<L prehendere prehens-(PRE-, hendere grasp)]
prelude n.序言;前兆 [F prelude or medL praeludium<L praeludere praelus-(PRAE-, ludere play)]
premeditate v.預先思考;預謀 [L praemeditari(PRAE-, MEDITATE計畫,策畫,企圖 (對)默想,靜思,熟慮(on, upon).]
Unit 23
premise v.立前提 [<medL praemissa(propositio)(proposition)set in front<L praemittere praemiss-(PRAE-, mittere send)]
premium n.額外費用;額外價格 [L praemium booty, reward(PRAE-, emere buy, take)]
premonition n.預告;前兆 [F premonition or LL praemonitio<L praemonere praemonit-(PRAE-, monere warn)]
preoccupied a.被先占的;一心一意的
preponderance n.優勢;優越
preposterous a.反常的;荒謬的 [L praeposterus reversed, absurd(PRAE-, posterus coming after)(反)credible;rational]
prerogative n.特權 [ME<OF prerogative or L praerogativa privilege(orig to vote first)<praerogativus asked first(PRAE-, rogare] [ask)]
presage v.預示;成為前兆 [ME<F presage, presager<L praesagium<praesagire forebode(PRAE-, sagire perceive keenly)]
presentiment n.預感;預覺 [obs F presentiment(PRE-, SENTIMENT感情;意見)]
preserve v.保存;保持;裝罐 [ME<OF preserver<LL praeservare(PRAE-, servare keep)]
prestige n.威望;聲望 [<L., 本義是"魔術師的工夫", 後來變成]
presumption n.無禮;傲慢 [ME<OF presumpcion<L praesumptio -onis(PRESUME 推測,假定(<L."預取")]
pretence n.虛偽;借口 [ME<AF pretense ult<medL pretensus pretended(PRETEND)]
pretension n.自負;驕傲;主張;要求 [edL praetensio, -tio(PRETEND)pretentious 矯飾的;自負的 I do not feel that your limited resources will] [permit you to carry out such a ~ program]
pretext n.借口;托辭 [L praetextus outward display<praetexere praetext-(PRAE-, texere weave編織)]
prevail v.優勝;達到目地;奏效 [ME<L praevalere(PRAE-, valere have power), infl by AVAIL有用;有利]
prevaricate v.搪塞;支吾其詞 [L praevaricari walk crookedly, practise collusion, in ecclL transgress(PRAE-, varicari straddle<varus bent,] [knock-kneed)]
prevarication n.支吾;推諉;搪塞 [(<L."彎曲腳走")]
prey n.餌食;捕食;戰利品 [ME<OF preie<L praeda booty]
prickle n.v.動植物皮上的刺;刺痛 [PRICK 刺;責備,踢(馬);挑選 For the blood test, the doctor made a tiny ~ in my finger with a needle prickl]y[多刺的;針刺般痛]
prim a.拘泥形式的;一本正經的 [17th c: prob orig cant<OF prin prime excellent<L primus first]
primitive a.原始的;舊式的;自學的 [ME<OF primitif -ive or L primitivus first of its kind<primitus in the first place<primus first]
primogeniture n.長子之身分 [medL primogenitura<L primo first+genitura<gignere genit- beget]
princely a.像王子的 [prince n.親王;王子;公爵;性情溫和的人物 ME <OF <L princeps principis first, chief, sovereign <primus] [first + capere take]
pristine a.原始的;原有的 [L pristinus former]
privy a.私用的;隱密的 [ME<OF prive<L privatus PRIVATE]
probation n.實驗;試用;緩刑 [ME<OF probation or L probatio(PROVE)]
probe v.探測 [LL proba proof, in medL = examination,<L probare test]
probity n.剛直;廉潔 [F probite or L probitas<probus good]
procession n.游行;祈禱游行聖歌 [E<OF<L processio -onis(PROCEED)]
proclivity n.癖性;傾向 [L proclivitas<proclivis inclined(PRO-, clivus slope)]
procrastinate v.拖延;遲滯 [L procrastinare procrastinat-(PRO-, crastinus of tomorrow<cras tomorrow)]
prodigal a.浪費的;奢侈的 [medL prodigalis<L prodigus lavish]
prodigious a.奇異的;巨大的 [L prodigiosus(PRODIGY非凡的人;天才 不可思議之物;壯觀,奇觀]
prodigy n.驚異;非凡;怪物 [L prodigium portent]
profane v.玷污 [ME prophane<OF prophane or medL prophanus<L profanus before(ie outside)the temple, not sacred(PRO-,] [fanum temple)]
profile n.側面像;輪廓 [obs It profilo, profilare(PRO-, filare spin<L filare<filum thread)]
profiteer n.得不正當利益者;奸商 [PROFIT profitless無益的]
profligate a.行為不檢的;浪費的 [L profligatus dissolute, pp. of profligare overthrow, ruin(PRO-, fligere strike down)]
profound a.深奧的;意味深長的 [ME<AF & OF profund, profond<L profundus deep(PRO-, fundus bottom)profundity 深,深度;奧妙 I] [wouldn’t claim to have fully grasped the ~ of it]
profusion n.揮霍;豐富 [profuse 不吝惜的;豪爽的;奢侈的(PRO-向前, fundere fus- pour)My ~ apologies if I have offended you in any] [way]
progenitor n.祖先;起源 [ME<OF progeniteur<L progenitor -oris<progignere progenit-(PRO-, gignere beget)]
progeny n.子孫;後裔 [ME<OF progenie<L progenies<progignere(PROGENITOR)]
prognosis n.病狀之預斷;預測 [LL<Gk prognosis(PRO-, gignosko know)]
prognosticate v.預言;預示 [medL prognosticare(PROGNOSTIC前兆;預測)]
prohibitive a.禁止的;類同禁止的 [prohibitif -ive or L prohibitivus(PROHIBIT禁止)]
projectile n.投射物;發射體 [PRO-, jacere throw)]
proletarian n.a.無產階級(的) [L proletarius one who served the State not with property but with offspring(proles)]
proliferate v.增殖;增生 [<F proliferation PRO-向前 LIFER後代]
prolific a.多產的 [medL prolificus(PROLIFEROUS)]
prolix a.冗長的;羅嗦的 [ME<OF prolixe or L prolixus poured forth, extended(PRO-, liquere be liquid)]
prolong v.延伸;拖長;發長音 [ME<OF prolonger &<LL prolongare(PRO-, longus long)]
promenade n.漫步;行列;舞會 [F<se promener walk, refl of promener take for a walk]
promethean a.普羅米修斯的 [Prometheus(希臘神話)普洛米修斯 因盜天火給人類而受懲,被綁在岩石上,肝髒為老鷹所啄食)]
promiscuity n.混亂;混淆不辨;雜婚 [(<L."摻合")]
promiscuous a.一團糟的;漫無目的的 [L promiscuus(PRO-, miscere mix混亂)MISCELLANEOUS混雜的 promiscuity混亂;雜亂]
prompt a.敏捷的;即時的;促使 [ME<OF prompt or L promptus pp. of promere prompt- produce(PRO-, emere take)prompting刺激;激勵];[ 暗示;提示台詞 promptness敏捷,機敏
promulgate v.宣布;散播 [L promulgare(PRO-, mulgere milk, cause to come forth)]
prone a.有...傾向的;俯臥的 [ME<L pronus<pro forwards]
pronounced a.明白的;斷然的;決然的
prop n.命題;頂杠 [ME prob<MDu proppe: cf MLG, MDu proppen(v)]
propagate v.繁殖;傳送 [L propagare propagat- multiply plants from layers,<propago(PRO-, pangere fix, layer)]
propel v.推進;驅使 [ME, = expel,<L propellere(PRO-, pellere puls- drive)propellant推進劑;推進者]
propensity n.傾向;習性 [propense<L propensus inclined, pp. of propendere(PRO-, pendere hang)]
prophylactic a.預防疾病的 [<Gk prophulaktikos<prophulasso(PRO-, phulasso guard)phylactic抗疾的 phylaxis(身體的)抗疾力]
propitiate v.慰解;撫慰 [L propitiare(PROPITIOUS吉利的;順利的)]
propitious a.有利的;慈悲的;吉祥的 [ME<OF propicieus or L propitius]
propound v.提出(問題)
[<L proponere(PRO-, ponere posit- place): cf compound, expound ~ a theory (question, riddle) 提出學說 ( 問題,謎語 )
proprietor n.所有者;經營者
propriety n.適當;禮節 [ME, = ownership, peculiarity<OF propriete PROPERTY 財產,資產 (某物的) 性質,特性,屬性(of)]
propulsive a.推進(力)的 [PROPEL推進;驅使 propulsion推進(力)]
prosaic a.平淡無奇的;乏味的 [F prosaique or LL prosaicus(PROSE散文)]
proscenium n.舞台前部(幕前的部分) [L<Gk proskenion(PRO-, skene stage)]
proscribe v.放逐;排斥 [L proscribere(PRO-, scribere script- write)]
prosecute v.貫徹;續行;經營
[ME<L prosequi prosecut-(PRO-, sequi follow)prosecutor1(法律)檢察官 執行者,經營者 prosecution v. 實行;從事;檢舉
proselytize v.改變宗教;變節 [ME<LL proselytus<Gk proseluthos stranger, convert(PROS-, stem eluth- of erkhomai come)]
prosody n.詩體論;作詩法 [ME<L prosodia accent<Gk prosoidia(PROS-, ODE頌詩)]
prosperous a.繁榮的;好運的;適合的 [E<obs F prospereus<L prosper(us)PROSPERITY繁榮;成功]
prosthesis n.彌補術 [LL<Gk prosthesis<prostithemi(PROS-, tithemi place)]
prostrate v.伏身;平臥 [ME<L prostratus pp. of prosternere(PRO-, sternere strat- lay flat)]
protagonist n.主角;主人公 [Gk protagonistes(PROTO-, agonistes actor)]
protege n.被保護人;門徒 [F, pp. of proteger<L protegere PROTECT]
protest v.提出抗議;主張;聲明 [ME<OF protest(n), protester(v),<L protestari(PRO-, testari assert<testis witness)]
protocol n.禮節;草案 [orig Sc prothocoll<OF prothocole<medL protocollum<Gk protokollon flyleaf(PROTO-, kolla glue)]
prototype n.原型;典型 [F prototype or LL prototypus<Gk prototupos(PROTO-, TYPE)]
protract v.延長 [L protrahere protract-(PRO-, trahere draw)]
protrude v.伸出;吐出 [L protrudere(PRO-, trudere trus- thrust)]
provenance n.出處;起源 [F<provenir<L provenire(PRO-, venire come)]
providence n.神的眷顧;神;及時的照顧 [E<OF providence or L providentia(PROVIDE)providential上帝的;天意的;保佑的PROVIDENCE+-IAL,] [after evidential etc]
provident a.預知的;節約的;有遠慮的 [ME<L(PROVIDE)]
provincial a.地方的;偏狹的;關于省的 [ME<OF<L provincialis(PROVINCE)]
provision n.准備;供應;糧食 [ME<OF<L provisio -onis(PROVIDE)]
provisional a.臨時的;暫時的
proviso n.附文;條件 [L, neut ablat pp. of providere PROVIDE, in medL phr proviso quod it being provided that]
provocation n.激怒之原因 [L provocatio(PROVOKE 使憤怒;刺激 PRO-, vocare call She did her best to ~ him to start his new] [novel)provocative 氣人的;刺激的]
prowess n.勇敢;勇敢的行為;好本事 [ME<OF proesce<prou valiant]
proximity n.接近;近似 [ME<F proximite or L proximitas(PROXIMAL)]
proxy n.代理人 [ME<obs procuracy<medL procuratia(PROCURATION獲得;代理)]
prudence n.謹慎;明辨;精明
prune v.修剪;砍樹枝;砍掉 [ME prouyne<OF pro(o)ignier ult<L rotundus ROUND]
prurient a.好色的;猥褻的 [L prurire itch, be wanton prurience(病態的)好色,情欲]
pry v.窺伺;刺探;打聽 [PRISE taken as pries 3rd sing pres]
pseudonym n.假名;筆名 [F pseudonyme<Gk pseudonymos(PSEUDO-, -onumos<onoma name)]
psyche n.靈魂;精神 [L<Gk psukhe breath, life, soul]
psychopathic a.精神病的
psychosis n.精神病;精神異狀 [Gk psukhosis<psukhoo give life to(PSYCHE)]
psychotic a.n.精神病的(人)
puerile a.稚氣的;無聊的 [F pueril or L puerilis<puer boy puerility n.幼年期;天真;幼稚]
pugnacious a.好斗的 [L pugnax -acis<pugnare fight<pugnus fist pugilism拳擊 pugnacity愛打架,好斗(性)]
pulsate v.有規律的跳動 [L pulsare frequent of pellere puls- drive, beat]
pulverize v.磨(打)成粉狀;粉碎 [ME<LL pulverizare<pulvis pulveris dust]
punch n.打孔器;拳打;力量 [abbr of PUNCHINELLO(十七世紀意大利的喜劇 (木偶戲) 主角,為身材矮胖 的小醜角色;潘趣的原型]
punctilious a.留心細節的 [F pointilleux<pointille<It(PUNCTILIO(儀式、形式等的)細微末節,(過分的)拘泥形式(<西班牙語或]意 [利語;<L."點")]
puncture n.刺;刺傷;爆破;用針刺 [ME<L punctura<pungere punct- prick 刺(with, on)(感到針刺般)刺痛;<良心等>責備]
pundit n.博學之人;權威 [Hind pandit<Skr pandita learned]
pungent a.辛辣的 [L pungent- pres part of pungere prick pungency(味覺、嗅覺、感情的)刺激 辛辣;尖刻]
punitive a.處罰的;討伐的 [F punitif -ive or medL punitivus(PUNISHMENT)]
puny a.細微的;軟弱的 [phonetic spelling of PUISNE(法律)資淺的;階級較低的(法律)職位較低者;(尤指)陪席法官]
purblind a.半盲的;愚笨的 [ME pur(e)blind<PURE orig in sense ’utterly’, with assim to PUR-]
purchase v.購買;努力取得 [ME<AF purchacer, OF pourchacier seek to obtain(PUR-, CHASE)]
purgative a.淨化的;証明自己無罪的 [ME<OF purgatif -ive or LL purgativus(PURGE)]
purgatory n.煉獄;苦難 [ME<AF purgatorie, OF -oire<medL purgatorium, neut of LL purgatorius(PURGE)]
purge v.消除;洗滌(罪等) [ME<OF purg(i)er<L purgare purify<purus pure]
purloin v.偷竊 [ME<AF purloigner put away, do away with(PUR-, loign far<L longe)]
purport n.意義;目的 [ME<AF & OF purport, porport<purporter<medL proportare(PRO-, portare carry)]
purveyor n.供應糧食者 [purveyance供給;(食物的)供應;(供應)糧食E<OF porveance<L providentia PROVIDENCE供給;上帝;] [謀遠慮 purvey供給;供應(食物等)]
purview n.範圍 [ME<AF purve OF porve pp. of porveiir(PURVEY)]
pusillanimous a.懦弱的;膽怯的 [ecclL pusillanimis<pusillus very small+animus mind]
putative a.假定的;一般認定的 [ME<OF putatif -ive or LL putativus<L putare think]
putrid a.腐朽的 [L putridus<putrere to rot<puter putris rotten]
pyromaniac n.a.縱火狂(的) [pyromania放火癖;放火狂]
quack n.江湖郎中;大聲聊天 [abbr of quacksalver<Du(prob<obs quacken prattle + salf SALVE 軟膏,膏藥;安慰(物),緩和物]
quadrennial a.連續四年的;四年一次的 [as QUADRENNIUM四年的時間 quadri- 表示"四"]
quaff v.一飲而盡;痛飲 [16th c.: perh. imit.]
quagmire n.沼地 [QUAG+MIRE quag 泥沼 quagga n.斑驢(背上有斑的南非產驢; 1875 年左右絕跡) Xhosa-Kaffir iqwara]
quail v.鵪鶉;少女 [The boy ~ed(with fear)at the sight 男孩看到那情景而畏縮(害怕) Her eyes ~ed before his angry looks ]面 [他生氣的樣子,她的眼睛露出懼色]
qualms n.不安;良心之譴責 [qualm暈眩,不安;疑慮;(良心的)責備]
quandary n.困惑;進遲兩難之境 [16th c: orig uncert]
quarantine n.避免疾病傳染之隔離 [It quarantina forty days<quaranta forty]
quash v.壓碎;鎮壓;廢除 [<LL cassare<cassus null, void or<L cassare frequent of quatere shake]
quatrain a.四行詩 [F<quatre four<L quattuor]
quay n.碼頭 [ME key(e), kay<OF kay<Gaulish caio<OCelt]
queasy a.易嘔的;令人作嘔的 [ME queysy, coisy perh<AF & OF, rel to OF coisir hurt]
queer a.奇妙的;可疑的;眼花的 [perh<G quer oblique(THWART反對;阻礙;橫過)]
quell v.鎮壓;緩和 [OE cwellan kill<Gmc]
quench v.撲滅;熄滅;解渴 [ME<OE -cwencan causative<-cwincan be extinguished]
querulous a.好抱怨的;吹毛求疵的 [LL querulosus or L querulus<queri complain]
query n.質問;詢問 [Anglicized form of quaere<L quaerere ask, after INQUIRY querist n.詢問者,質問者 L quaerere ask]
quest n.探索;探求的目的物 [ME<OF queste, quester ult<L quaerere quaest- seek]
queue n.男子的辮子;排成一行 [F<L cauda tail form a ~ 排成一行 You have to ~ up at the bus stop (for the bus) 你 在公車站 (等公]共[ 汽車時) 必須排隊
quibble v.模棱兩可地說;說雙關語 [dimin of obs quib prob<L quibus dative & ablat pl of qui who(familiar from use in legal documents)]
quiescent a.安靜的;不活動的 [L quiescere<quies QUIET (反)restless]
quietude n.安靜;靜止
quintessence n.精華;精髓 [ME(in sense 3)<F<medL quinta essentia fifth ESSENCE基本;元素.]
Unit 24
quip n.妙語;雙關語 [abbr of obs quippy perh<L quippe forsooth]
quirk n.急轉;怪癖 [by a ~ of fate 命運的劇變(播弄)]
quixotic a.幻想的;不切實際的 [Don Quixote 唐吉訶德, hero of Cervantes’ romance<Sp quixote thigh armour]
quizzical a.戲弄的;懷疑的 [He gave me a ~ look 他以狐疑的神色看我 a ~ smile 嘲笑]
quondam a.過去的;以前的 [L(adv), = formerly;a ~ friend of mine 我過去的一位朋友]
quorum n.法定人數 [L, = of whom(we wish that you be two, three, etc), in the wording of commissions]
rabble n.烏合之眾;亂民;暴民 [F r le<medL rotabulum, L rutabulum fire-shovel<ruere rut- rake up]
rabid a.狂熱的;狂暴的 [L rabidus<rabere rave]
rack n.巨大痛苦 [ME, prob of Scand orig: cf Norw and Sw dial rak wreckage etc<reka drive]
radiance n.光輝;光彩 [同radiancy=radiation]
radiate v.放射;輻射 [L radiare radiat-(RADIUS)]
ragamuffin n.衣衫襤褸的人 [prob based on RAG: cf 14th-c ragamoffyn the name of a demon]
rage n.憤怒;狂暴;戰爭狂 [ME<OF rager ult<L RABIES]
ragged a.破爛的;粗糙的;崎嶇的 [ME<ON roggvathr tufted]
raid n.急襲;襲擊;侵入;搜捕 [ME, Sc form of OE rad ROAD air ~ 空襲]
rally v.重整 [F railler: RAIL(作柵欄、籬笆等的)橫木;橫杠鐵路]
ramble n.漫布;逍遙;漫談 [prob<MDu rammelen(of an animal)wander about in sexual excitement, frequent of rammen copulate with, rel] [to RAM撞擊;公羊]
ramification n.分枝;分叉 [F<ramifier: RAMIFY ramify v.分枝;分派;分成網眼 F ramifier<medL ramificare<L ramus branch]
ramp n.坡道;猛衝;橫衝直撞
rampage n.v.亂鬧;亂衝;發怒 [18th c, perh<RAMP]
rampant a.後足立起的;無約束的 [ME<OF, part of ramper: RAMP <獅子等>以後腳立起(尤指紋章的圖樣)]
rampart n.圍繞堡壘四周之土堤 [F rempart, rempar<remparer fortify<emparer take possession of, ult<L ante before+parare prepare]
rancid a.腐臭的 [L rancidus stinking]
rancor n.怨恨 [rancorous深恨的;懷惡意的]
ransack v.到處搜索;掠奪
[ME<ON rannsaka<rann house+-saka<soekja seek They had ~ed my room to try and find the letter 他們 [搜遍我的房間設法找出那封信]
ransom n.贖金;賠償金 [ME<OF ransoun(er)<L redemptio -onis REDEMPTION 買回,贖回,贖當;償還 beyond (past) ~ 不可 的],[難以濟渡的]
rant v.咆哮;怒吼 [Du ranten rave]
rap n.輕拍;責罵;不值錢的 [Ir ropaire Irish counterfeit coin]
rapacious a.貪婪的;強奪的 [L rapax -acis<rapere snatch rapacity 搶奪;貪欲;貪吃]
rapprochement n.重建友誼;重歸舊好 [F<rapprocher(RE-, APPROACH)]
rapt a.入迷的;全神貫注的 [ME<L raptus pp. of rapere seize rapturous興高彩烈的;狂喜的]
rapture n.狂喜 [obs F rapture or medL raptura(RAPT)]
rascal n.惡棍 [ME<OF rascaille rabble, prob ult<L radere ras- scrape]
ratify v.批准 [ME<OF ratifier<medL ratificare(RATE)]
ratiocination n.推理;推斷
rationalize v.合理化 [RATIONAL理性的;合理的;推理的 rationale基本原理;根據]
raucous a.粗啞的;刺耳的 [L raucus a ~ party 喧囂的聚會]
ravage v.掠奪;破壞 [F ravage(r)alt<ravine rush of water]
rave v.熱烈贊揚;傾倒 [var of dial rathe]
ravenous a.極餓的;貪婪的 [ME<OF ravineus(RAVEN 掠奪,到處搶<about>貪婪地吃<食物>]
ravish v.搶奪;強奸 [ME<OF ravir ult<L rapere seize]
raze v.夷平;摧毀 [ME rase = wound slightly<OF raser shave close ult<L radere ras- scrape]
reactionary a.保守的;反動的 [RE-, L agere do, act)]
realm n.王國;地區;領域 [ME<OF realme, reaume,<L regimen -minis(see REGIMEN): infl by OF reiel ROYAL]
realtor n.房地產經紀人
rebate n.折扣 [respelling of RABBET, after REBATE]
rebellious a.造反的;反抗的;有反意的 [E<REBELLION+-OUS or<earlier rebellous+-IOUS]
rebuff n.v.斷然拒絕;阻止;挫折 [obs F rebuffe(r)<It ribuffo, ribuffare, rabbuffo, rabbuffare(RE-, buffo puff)]
rebuke v.斥責 [ME<AF & ONF rebuker(RE-, OF buchier beat, orig cut down wood<busche log)]
rebut v.辯駁;駁回 [ME<AF rebuter, OF reboter(RE-, BUTT連接兩端;毗連;接界(兩物體末端之)平接;對接]
recalcitrant a.頑強的;不服從的 [L recalcitrare(RE-, calcitrare kick out with the heels<calx calcis heel)recalcitrance難駕馭,頑梗,固執,頑抗]
recant v.取消;撤回 [L recantare revoke(RE-, cantare sing, chant)recantation(正式的)取消,撤回]
recapitulate v.節述要旨;擇要說明 [L recapitulare(RE-, capitulum CHAPTER)]
recede v.倒退;遠走;向後傾斜 [ME<L recedere(RE-, cedere cess- go)]
receptacle n.容器;儲藏所;花托;花床 [<L receptaculum(RECEPTION) receipt n.v. 領受;收據;處方;制法 ME receit(e) <AF & ONF receite, OF] [re?oite, recete]
receptive a.善于接納的;感受敏銳的 [F receptif -ive or medL receptivus(RECEPTION)]
recess n.休息;休會;深底 [L recessus(RECEDE)]
recession n.引退;退卻;蕭條 [L recessio(RECESS)]
recidivism n.累犯
recipient n.接受者 [F recipient<It recipiente or L recipiens<recipere RECEIVE]
reciprocal a.相互的;交往的 [L reciprocus ult<re- back+pro forward]
reciprocate v.回報 [L reciprocare reciprocat-(RECIPROCAL)]
recital n.背誦;詳述;故事 [give a brief ~ of the course of events 簡要地 說明事件的經過情形]
recluse n.隱士 [ME<OF reclus recluse pp. of reclure<L recludere reclus-(RE-, claudere shut)]
recoil n.彈回;後退;畏縮 [ME<OF reculer(RE-, L culus buttocks)]
reconcile v.複交;和解;使一致 [ME<OF reconcilier or L reconciliare(RE-, conciliare CONCILIATE調和)]
recondite a.深奧的;隱密的 [L reconditus(RE-, conditus pp. of condere hide)]
reconnaissance n.偵察 [F(earlier -oissance)<stem of reconna re(RECONNOITER勘察)]
recount v.詳述;依次說明;個別敘述 [ONF & AF reconter(RE-, COUNT)]
recourse n.求助;依賴 [ME<OF recours<L recursus(RE-, COURSE)]
recreant n.懦夫;叛徒 [ME<OF, part of recroire<medL(se)recredere yield in trial by combat(RE-, credere entrust)]
recrimination n.反控告;反責 [recriminate互相責備;反責;反唇相譏 edL recriminare(RE-, criminare accuse<crimen CRIME)]
recrudescence n.複發;再發
recruit v.新兵 [earlier = reinforcement,<obs F dial recrute ult<F recro re increase again<L recrescere]
rectify v.修正 [ME<OF rectifier<medL rectificare<L rectus right rectification改正;整流;精餾]
rectitude n.正直;公正 [ME<OF rectitude or LL rectitudo<L rectus right]
recumbent a.橫臥的;斜靠的 [L recumbere recline(RE-, cumbere lie)]
recuperate v.恢複 [L recuperare recuperat- recover recuperative使恢複的;有恢複力的]
recurrent a.再現的;反複的 [RE-, currere run)]
recusant n.拒絕服從的人 [L recusare refuse]
redeem v.買回;取回;償還 [ME<OF redimer or L redimere redempt-(RE-, emere buy)]
redolent a.芬芳的 [ME<OF redolent or L redolere(RE-, olere smell)]
redoubtable a.可怕的 [ME<OF redoutable<redouter fear(RE-, DOUBT)]
redress n.救濟;補償 [ME<OF redresse(r), redrecier(RE-, DRESS)]
redundant a.過多的;冗長的 [L redundare redundant-(REDOUND)]
reek v.放出惡臭;有...氣味 [OE reocan(v), rec(n),<Gmc]
refection n.點心;小吃 [ME<OF<L refectio -onis<reficere(REFECTORY)]
refectory n.餐廳 [LL refectorium<L reficere refresh(RE-, facere make)]
refinement n.精制;洗練;高雅;巧妙 [EFINE+-MENT, after F raffinement]
reflection n.反射;反射熱;反應色 [RE-, flectere flex- bend) reflective a.反射的;反映的;反省的]
refraction n.折光;折射 [F refraction or LL refractio(REFRACT折射)]
refractory a.倔強的;固執的 [alt of obs refractary<L refractarius(REFRACT折射)]
refrain v.歌曲的反複句 [ME<OF refrain(earlier refrait)ult<L refringere(RE-, frangere break), because the refrain ’broke’ the sequence]
refulgent a.光輝的;燦爛的 [L refulgere(RE-, fulgere shine)refulgence(文語)輝煌;燦爛]
refurbish v.整修;再供給;重新裝備
refutation n.反駁;辯駁 [refute駁倒;反駁 L refutare(RE-: cf CONFUTE駁倒)]
regal a.帝王的 [ME<OF regal or L regalis<rex regis king]
regale v.款待 [F regaler<OF gale pleasure]
regeneration n.改造;再生 [regenerare(RE-, GENERATE)]
regicide n.弒君;弒君者 [L rex regis king+-CIDE]
regime n.政體;制度 [F regime(REGIMEN)]
regimen n.養生之道 [L<regere rule]
regulate v.使有規則;統制;調整 [LL regulare regulat-<L regula RULE regulation調整;調節;取締;規則 The ~ of the temperature is] [accomplished by the thermostat]
rehabilitate v.恢複;重獲 [medL rehabilitare(RE-, HABILITATE 提供(礦場)資金 取得資格]
rehash v.重新雕刻;竄改
reign n.統治時期;王朝;領域 [ME<OF reigne kingdom<L regnare<rex regis king]
reimburse v.補償;付還 [RE-+obs imburse put in a purse<medL imbursare(IM-, PURSE)]
rein n.v.韁繩;控制的手段;控制 [ME<OF rene, reigne, earlier resne, ult<L retinere RETAIN保持]
reiterate v.反複地說或做 [L reiterare(RE-, ITERATE)]
rejuvenate v.使返老還童 [RE-+L juvenis young]
relapse n.複發;回複 [L relabi relaps-(RE-, labi slip)]
relaxation n.松弛;放松;減輕 [relaxatio(RELAX)]
relegate v.驅逐;貶謫; 移轉;委托 [L relegare relegat-(RE-, legare send)~ a person to an inferior position 把某人降到較低職位 ~ a matter to] [another authority 把問題移轉給另一機構]
relentless a.無情的;冷酷的;殘酷的 [relent發慈悲;憐憫 formed as RE-+L lentare bend<lentus flexible]
relevancy n.切題;中肯 [relevance關聯,適當;適切]
relic n.聖骨;聖人的遺物;紀念品 [ME relike, relique, etc<OF relique<L reliquiae: RELIQUIAE 遺物 3(地質)動植物之化石]
relinquish v.放棄 [ME<OF relinquir<L relinquere(RE-, linquere leave)]
relish v.喜歡;享受 [alt(with assim to -ISH)of obs reles<OF reles, relais remainder<relaisser: RELEASE]
remainder n.剩余;殘留物;余存者 [ME(in sense 5)<AF, = OF remaindre: REMAIN仍然是;仍停留]
remedial a.補救的;治療的 [LL remedialis<L remedium(REMEDY矯正;良藥)]
reminisce v.追憶;說(寫)...的回憶 [back-form<REMINISCENCE回憶;回憶錄 LL reminiscentia<L reminisci remember]
remiss a.疏忽的;不小心的 [ME<L remissus pp. of remittere slacken: REMIT免除]
remission n.寬恕;免罪;緩和 [ME<OF remission or L remissio(REMIT)]
remit v.匯出;郵寄;發回下級法院 [ME<L remittere remiss-(RE-, mittere send)remitter匯款人 remittee收款人]
remittance n.匯款(額)
remnant n.殘余;剩貨 [ME(earlier remenant)<OF remenant<remenoir REMAIN]
remonstrate v.抗議 [medL remonstrare(RE-, monstrare show)remonstrance抗議;忠告;規勸]
remunerative a.有報酬的 [remunerari(RE-, munus muneris gift)remunerate 給與報酬;賠償]
renascent a.新生的;複活的;複興的 [L renasci(RE-, nasci be born)renaissance新生;複活;文藝複興 R~ is so called because of the return to] [classical tradition]
rend v.撕;割裂 [OE rendan, rel to MLG rende]
render v.使成;報答;供給 [ME<OF rendre ult<L reddere reddit-(RE-, dare give)rendering翻譯,表現;描寫;演出]
rendezvous n.約會(地點);集結地 [F rendez-vous present yourselves<rendre: RENDER提供]
rendition n.翻譯;演奏;演出 [obs F<rendre RENDER]
renege v.食言;背信 [medL renegare(RE-, L negare deny) renegue n.=renege背信;食言]
renounce v.放棄;否定 [ME<OF renoncer<L renuntiare(RE-, nuntiare announce)]
renovate v.革新;修理 [L renovare(RE-, novus new)]
renunciation n.放棄;棄權 [ME<OF renonciation or LL renuntiatio(RENOUNCE斷絕關系)]
reparable a.能修補的;可賠償的 [F<L reparabilis(REPAIR)reparation賠償]
repartee n.機智之應答 [F repartie fem pp. of repartir start again, reply promptly(RE-, partir PART)]
repast n.餐;食物 [ME<OF repaistre<LL repascere repast- feed a dainty ~ 豐盛的一餐 a light (slight) ~ 清淡的便餐]
repeal v.撤銷;廢除;否定 [ME<AF repeler, OF rapeler(RE-, APPEAL懇求)The law was finally ~ed 該項法律最後被廢除]
repel v.擊退;抵制;抗防 [ME<L repellere(RE-, pellere puls- drive)]
repellent a.排斥的;討厭的 [L repellere(REPEL)]
repent v.後悔;懊悔;悔改 [repentance後悔;悔改 repentant後悔的]
repertoire n.劇目;演唱目錄 [F repertoire<LL(REPERTORY 由固定劇團在某一段期間演出幾種選 定戲目的方式 (知識等的) ] 藏,[寶庫 a ~ of information 資訊的寶庫(百科辭典等)]
replenish v.再裝滿;補充 [ME<OF replenir(RE-, plenir<plein full<L plenus)]
replete a.充滿的;盈滿的 [ME<OF replet replete or L repletus pp. of replere(RE-, plere plet- fill)repletion充滿;客滿;飽食]
repose v.信賴;委任;就寢;橫臥 [RE- + POSE after L reponere reposit-]
repository n.貯藏處 [obs F repositoire or L repositorium(REPOSE)]
reprieve n.暫緩執行(死刑) [ME as pp. repryed<AF & OF repris pp. of reprendre(RE-, prendre<L prehendere take): 16th-c -v- unexpl]
reprimand v.嚴斥;申誡 [F reprimande(r)<Sp reprimenda<L reprimenda neut pl gerundive of reprimere REPRESS]
reprisal n.報複 [ME(in sense 2)<AF reprisaille<medL reprisalia<repraehensalia(REPREHEND)]
reprobate v.無賴漢;墮落的人 [RE-, probare approve(reprobation反對 The students showed their ~ of his act by refusing to talk with him)]
reprove v.責罵 [ME<OF reprover<LL reprobare disapprove: REPROBATE非難 reproof譴責;申斥;責備.]
Unit 25
repudiate v.否認;拒絕 [L repudiare<repudium divorce]
repugnance n.嫌惡
[ME(in sense 2)<F repugnance or L repugnantia<repugnare oppose(RE-, pugnare fight)repugnant討厭的, 不愉快的;厭惡的
repulse v.逐退;擊退;辯駁;拒絕 [L repellere repuls- drive back(REPEL擊退)repulsive辭退的;冷淡的;厭惡的 I have seldom had so ~ an] [experience as the tour of that abattoir]
requiem n.安靈彌撒;安魂曲 [ME<accus of L requies rest, the initial word of the mass]
requisite n.必要品;要件 [prerequisite預先非有不可的;必須的;首要事物 Naval service is a ~ condition for joining the club] [requisition 請求;命令;必要條件]
requite v.報酬;報複 [RE-+quite QUIT requital還禮;報仇 I look forward to an opportunity to make ~ for all the favours you have] [done for me]
rescind v.撤消 [L rescindere resciss-(RE-, scindere cut)]
rescission n.廢除;取消
resemblance n.類似點;外觀;酷似 [E<AF(RESEMBLE類似)]
reserve v.貯存;話語不多 [ME<OF reserver<L reservare(RE-, servare keep)reservoir水庫]
residence n.住宅;居住;居留權 [ME<OF residence or medL residentia<L residere: RESIDE居住]
residue n.殘余 [ME<OF residu<L residuum: RESIDUUM=residue residual 剩余的;殘渣的;余數的]
resignation n.放棄;辭職;屈從 [RE-, signare sign]
resilient a.有彈性的;活潑的 [L resiliens resilient-(RESILE)resilience,-cy彈回;彈性;彈力;愉快]
resonant a.回響的;共鳴的 [F resonnant or L resonare resonant-(RE-, sonare sound)resonance共鳴;反響;共振]
resort v.去;屢次往訪;依靠;滯留 [ME<OF resortir(RE-, sortir come or go out)]
respective a.分別的;各自的;個別的 [respectif -ive<medL respectivus(RESPECT尊重)respecter尊敬的人;趨炎附勢者]
respite n.緩刑;休息 [ME<OF respit<L respectus RESPECT尊重]
resplendent ad.燦爛的;輝煌的 [ME<L resplendere(RE-, splendere glitter閃閃發光 All that ~s is not gold]
restitution n.賠償 [ME<OF restitution or L restitutio<restituere restitut- restore(RE-, statuere establish)]
restive a.不安寧的;動亂的 [ME<OF restif -ive<Rmc(REST)]
restrain v.壓抑;抑制 [<L restringere restrict-(RE-, stringere tie)(restraint n抑制;制止;禁止 The law places ~s on executives’] buying [and selling shares in their own c]
resume v.取回;重新開始;再繼續 [ME<OF resumer or L resumere resumpt-(RE-, sumere take)resumption取回;恢複;再開始;繼續]
resurgent a.複活的;再起的 [L resurgere resurrect-(RE-, surgere rise)resurgence再起;複活;再現]
resuscitate v.使複活;恢複 [L resuscitare(RE-, suscitare raise)]
retaliate v.報複;回敬 [L retaliare(RE-, talis such)]
retard v.減速;遲緩;妨礙 [F retarder<L retardare(RE-, tardus slow)retarded智力遲鈍的]
retentive a.保留的;記性好的 [ME<OF retentif -ive or medL retentivus(RETAIN保持)retention保有;維持;保持力;記憶力]
reticence n.沉默;緘口 [L reticentia<reticere(RE-, tacere be silent)reticent無言的;沉默的;謹慎的]
reticulated a.網狀的 [reticulation網眼;網狀組織 reticular 網狀的;蜂窩狀的 錯綜複雜的]
retinue n.侍從;隨員 [ME<OF retenue fem pp. of retenir RETAIN]
retort v.回嘴;反擊;報複;蒸餾器 [F retorte<medL retorta fem pp. of retorquere: He ~ed that it was no business of mine 他反 駁說我管不著]
retract v.縮回;取消;撤回 [L retrahere or(in sense 1)retractare(RE-, trahere tract- draw)(retraction撤消;收回 He dropped his libel suit after] [the newspaper published a ~.)]
retreat n.v.撤退;避難所 [ME<OF retret(n), retraiter(v)<L retrahere: RETRACT]
retribution n.報應;懲罰 [ME<LL retributio(RE-, tribuere tribut- assign)retributive報應的]
retrieve v.恢複;尋回 [ME<OF retroeve- stressed stem of retrover(RE-, trover find)(retrieval n取回;恢複;修補)]
retroactive a.(法律)有追溯力的
retrograde v.退化;衰落 [ME<L retrogradus(RETRO-, gradus step, gradi walk)retrogress倒退,後退;退步;退化 ETRO-, after] [PROGRESS]
retrospective a.回顧的;追想的 [ETRO-, after PROSPECT n]
revelation n.揭示;洩露的事實 [E<OF revelation or LL revelatio(REVEAL揭示)]
revelry n.狂歡;飲宴作樂
revenge n.報仇;報複;雪恥 [ME<OF revenger, revencher<LL revindicare(RE-, vindicare lay claim to)]
reverberate v.回聲;反響 [L reverberare(RE-, verberare lash<verbera(pl)scourge)reverberant,-ative 反響的;反射的]
reverence n.尊敬 [ME<OF<L reverentia(REVERE崇敬)reverent尊敬的;虔誠的]
reverie n.幻想;深思 [obs F resverie<OF reverie rejoicing, revelry<rever be delirious]
reverse v.顛倒;取消;反轉 [ME<OF revers(n), reverser(v),<L revertere revers-(RE-, vertere turn)reversion退回;隔代遺傳;繼承權]
revile v.辱罵;誹謗 [ME<OF reviler(RE-, VILE)]
revolt n.叛亂;造反;嘔心 [F revolter<It rivoltare ult<L revolvere(REVOLVE旋轉)revolting背叛的;叛亂的;討厭的]
revulsion n.(感情上的)突變 [F revulsion or L revulsio(RE-, vellere vuls- pull)]
rhapsody n.敘事詩;溢美之詞;狂想曲 [L rhapsodia<Gk rhapsoidia(RHAPSODE) rhapsodize用狂文(詩)描述;過分贊美 He ~d over (about, on) the] [victory 他狂熱地談論勝利的事]
rhetoric n.修辭學;浮誇之言語 [<Gk rhetorike(tekhne)(art)of rhetoric(RHETOR 修辭學家,修辭學教師 演說家]
ribald a.下流的;猥褻的 [ME(earlier sense ’low-born retainer’)<OF ribau(l)d<riber pursue licentious pleasures<Gmc]
riddle v.解謎;穿孔 [OE hriddel, earlier hrider: cf hridrian sift]
rife a.眾多的;流行的 [OE ryfe prob<ON r*fr acceptable<reifa enrich, reifr cheerful]
rifle n.來福槍;步槍;洗劫 [rifle <德語,義為"作溝槽"首先用以指在 槍膛中的螺旋狀溝槽(即來複線(rifling),後槍膛中的螺旋狀] [槽(即來複線(rifling)]
rift n.裂口;不和 [a ~ in the clouds (curtains) 雲縫 (窗簾的間隙) a ~ between the two parties 兩(政)黨間的失和]
rigor n.嚴厲;苛刻 [rigorous嚴厲的;嚴酷的 OF rigorous or LL rigorosus]
rime n.白霜 [rime riche(法)完全押韻(不僅母音相同, 在母音前後之子音亦相同的押韻, 如write-right 或port deport];[亦稱 identical rhyme)]
ringlet n.卷發;小圈;小環
rinse n.v.嗽洗;洗滌;洗刷
[ME<OF rincer, raincier, Be careful to ~ the detergent from these dishes 注意務必衝洗掉這些盤子上的 清潔劑
riotous a.引起騷擾的;放蕩的
[ME<OF(RIOT 大混亂,紊亂;五彩繽紛 suppress (put down) a ~ 鎮壓暴亂 a ~ of color 五彩繽紛 (五 顏六色) 的色彩
rip v.扯裂;割裂;剝掉 [perh<rep, abbr of REPROBATE(文語罕)嚴厲地譴責,責難 邪惡的,墮落的]
risible a.能笑的;可笑的 [LL risibilis<L ridere ris- laugh]
ritual n.典禮;典禮的;儀式的 [L ritualis(RITE儀式;典禮;禮拜式;慣例)]
rivalry n.競爭;競賽 [friendly ~ 友善的競爭 factional rivalries 派系間的抗爭 rival n.(情場.商場的)對手a.競爭對手的 L] [rivalis, orig. = using the same stream, <rivus stream]
riveting a.饒有興味的;吸引人的
roan a.柔軟羊皮 [ME, perh<Roan, old name of Rouen in N France]
robe n.寬松的長外袍;單件女裝 [ME<OF<Gmc(ROB, orig sense ’booty戰利品’)]
robust a.強壯的 [F robuste or L robustus firm and hard<robus, robur oak, strength]
rococo a.洛可可式的;過分修飾的 [F, joc alt<ROCAILLE(以卵石和貝殼制成的海神、海豚等)花園石貝裝飾物]
roguish a.不誠實的;流氓的
roil v.攪混液體;激怒;動蕩 [perh<OF ruiler mix mortar<LL regulare regulate]
roister v.作威作福;喧鬧無度 [obs roister roisterer<F rustre ruffian var of ruste<L rusticus RUSTIC鄉村]
roseate a.粉紅的;樂觀的 [L roseus rosy(ROSE)]
rostrum n.講壇 [L, = beak<rodere ros- gnaw: orig rostra(pl, in sense 1a)in the Roman forum adorned with beaks of captured] [galleys]
rote n.機械式的方式 [by rote 機械地;強記地 act by ~ 機械地行動]
rotund a.圓形的;圓胖的 [L rotundus<rotare ROTATE(rotundity肥胖;洪亮 Washington Irving emphasized the ~ of the governor by] [describing his height and circumference)]
roundabout a.繞遠路的;迂回的(話等)
rout n.大敗;敗逃;混亂的 [ROUTE)]
rowdy n.粗暴的人;粗暴的 [19th-c US, orig = lawless backwoodsman 居于邊遠地區的人;窮鄉僻壤的居民 粗笨的人]
royalty n.皇權;版稅
[ME<OF roialte(ROYAL) royal a.王的;受國王保護的;高貴的;大型的;極佳的n王室的人;英國部兵第 一團的舊名 ME <OF roial <L regalis REGAL
rubble n.瓦礫 [ME robyl, rubel, of uncert orig: cf OF robe spoils]
rubicund a.帶紅色的;面色紅潤的 [F rubicond or L rubicundus<rubere be red]
rubric n.紅字;標題;習俗 [ME<OF rubrique, rubrice or L rubrica(terra)red(earth or ochre)as writing-material, rel to rubeus red]
ruddy a.紅色的;面色紅潤的 [OE rudig(RUDD赤睛魚 ,有棕色身體及紅色的鰭)]
rudiment n.基本原則;初步 [F rudiment or L rudimentum(RUDE, after elementum ELEMENT)]
rudimentary a.基本的;發育不全的
rueful a.悲慘的;悔恨的 [ME,<RUE悲嘆;悔恨;憐憫]
ruffian n.惡棍;殘暴的 [F ruf(f)ian<It ruffiano, perh<dial rofia scurf]
ruffle v.使皺
ruinous a.毀壞的;荒廢的 [ME<L ruinosus(RUIN)]
ruminate v.反芻;沉思 [He ~d on (over) what had happened the day before 他沉思前一天發生的事 ruminative默想的;沉思的] [ruminant反芻類的;沉思的;反芻動物]
rummage v.翻尋;遍找 [earlier as noun in obs sense ’arranging of casks etc in a hold’: OF arrumage<arrumer stow(AD-, run ship’s] [hold<MDu ruim ROOM)]
rupture n.破裂;失和 [ME<OF rupture or L ruptura<rumpere rupt- break]
rural a.鄉下的;田園的 [ME<OF rural or LL ruralis<rus ruris the country]
ruse n.詐術;謀略 [ME<OF<ruser drive back, perh ult<L rursus backwards: cf RUSH]
rustic a.鄉村的;粗俗的 [ME<L rusticus<rus the country]
rusticate v.到農村去;下鄉 [L rusticari live in the country(RUSTIC)]
ruthless a.無情的;殘酷的 [ME,<ruth compassion<RUE 後悔<做了>,悔恨;抱憾]
sabotage n.怠工;破壞活動;顛覆活動 [<F saboter, 用木鞋(sabot)弄出噪音,拙劣地做(bungle),任意破壞]
sack n.大袋子;壘;解雇;床;掠奪
[three ~s of potatoes 三大袋的馬鈴薯 hit the ~ 睡覺,就寢get the ~ 被解雇,被開除 give a person the ~ 把某人開除 (解雇) put a city to the ~ 劫掠某城市
sacrilege n.褻瀆 [ME<OF<L sacrilegium<sacrilegus stealer of sacred things,<sacer sacri sacred+legere take possession of]
sacrosanct a.神聖不可侵犯的 [L sacrosanctus<sacro ablat of sacrum sacred rite(see SACRED)+sanctus(SAINT(<L."神聖的")聖人,聖徒],[ 聖者
sadistic a.虐待狂的 [sadism n.虐待狂;虐待性之性變態 F sadisme <Count or ’Marquis’ de Sade, Fr. writer d. 1814]
safeguard n.保護;保護物;安全設備 [ME<AF salve garde, OF sauve garde(SAFE, GUARD)]
saffron a.橘黃色的 [ME<OF safran<Arab za’ faran saffrony 淡黃色]
sag v.松弛;下垂;彎曲 [ME<MLG sacken, Du zakken subside 土地下沉;暴風雨、激情等平息,消退,緩和]
saga n.冒險故事;傳奇故事 [ON, = narrative, rel to SAW]
sagacious a.睿智的;明敏的 [L sagax sagacis sagacity 睿智;聰敏]
sage a.哲人 [ME<OF ult<L sapere be wise]
saintly a.聖潔的
salient a.顯著的;突出的 [L salire leap]
saline a.含鹽的;咸的 [SALINE)]
sallow a.淡黃的;病黃色的 [OE salh salg-<Gmc, rel to OHG salaha, ON selja, L salix]
sally n.突擊;旅行;俏皮話;警句 [意為"突然的舉動"(leaping motion)]
salubrious a.有益健康的 [L salubris<salus health (反)injurious]
salutary a.有益健康的 [ME<F salutaire or L salutaris<salus -utis health]
salvage v.搶救;援救 [F<medL salvagium<L salvare SAVE salvation救助,救助物]
salver n.盤;盒 [<F salve 給國王奉獻食物的盤子 ())platter大盤子 SALVE藥膏;減輕;緩和]
salvo n.排炮;禮炮;齊發;托詞 [L, ablat of salvus SAFE as used in salvo jure without prejudice to the rights of(a person)]
sanctimonious a.偽裝虔誠的;偽裝神聖的 [L sanctimonia sanctity(SAINT神聖;聖徒;成為聖徒)]
sanction n.v.認可;批准;制裁 [F<L sanctio -onis<sancire sanct- make sacred]
sanctuary n.聖所;神殿;至聖所 [ME<AF sanctuarie, OF sanctuaire<L sanctuarium(SAINT)]
sanctum n.至聖所;密室;私室 [L, neut of sanctus holy, pp. of sancire consecrate: sanctorum genit pl in transl of Heb kodes holy of holies]
sangfroid n.沉著冷靜
sanguinary a.血淋淋的;血腥的 [L sanguinarius<sanguis -inis blood]
sanguine a.樂天的;自信的 [ME<OF sanguin -ine blood-red<L sanguineus(SANGUINARY 血腥的,血淋淋的,殘忍的]
sapient a.有智慧的;伶俐的 [ME<OF sapient or L part stem of sapere be wise sapience煞像有學識;裝聰明;智慧]
sarcasm n.諷刺;挖苦 [<Gk sarkazo tear flesh, in late Gk gnash the teeth, speak bitterly<sarx sarkos flesh sarcastic諷刺的;譏諷的];[ 辛辣的
sardonic a.諷刺的;嘲笑的 [F sardonique, earlier sardonien<L sardonius<Gk sardonios of Sardinia, alt of sardanios Homeric epithet of] [bitter or scornful laughter]
sartorial a.裁縫的 [L sartor tailor<sarcire sart- patch]
satanic a.窮凶極惡的 [Satan撒旦]
sate v.使充分滿足 [prob<dial sade, OE sadian(SAD), assim to SATIATE 使<需求、欲望等>充分滿足 使<人>生膩]
satellite n.衛星;隨從 [F satellite or L satelles satellitis attendant]
satiate v.使滿足;使飽 [L satiatus pp. of satiare<satis enough This book ~s the reader’s interest 這本書可充分滿足讀者的興趣]
satiety n.飽足;滿足 [obs F saciete<L satietas -tatis<satis enough]
satin n.緞子;緞子般的;光滑的 ["盛唐"的諧音,<中國唐朝的絲綢.sateen 綿(毛)織假緞 satin(緞子)與參考velveteen(天鵝絨)合成. satiny] [a.緞子似的;光滑的]
satire n.諷刺文學 [F satire or L satira later form of satura medley satirical=satiric;好諷刺的;愛挖苦人的 satirize v.諷刺;對.].[ 寫諷刺文章;挖苦
satrap n.暴 |
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