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| 主題 | 托福考試詞匯向導（ 之三） taisha.org 2002-04-08 08:47:23 | | |
托福詞匯研究 Unit 11 - Unit 16
Unit 11
donor n.給予者 [ME<AF donour, OF doneur<L donator -oris<donare give]
dormant a.蟄伏的;休止的 [ME<OF, pres part of dormir<L dormire sleep]
dorsal a.背的;背部的 [F dorsal or LL dorsalis<L dorsum back]
dose n.v.一服;安排;混合物 [F<LL dosis<Gk dosis gift<didomi give DOSAGE下藥;配藥;劑量]
dotage n.老年糊塗;溺愛
dote v.衰老;年老昏慵;溺愛 [同DOAT ME, corresp to MDu doten be silly DOTING沉溺于愛的,溺愛的]
doughty a.勇敢的;堅強的 [OE dohtig var of dyhtig<Gmc]
dour a.悶悶不樂的 [ME(orig Sc), prob<Gael dull, obstinate, perh<L durus hard]
doze v.小睡 [17th c: cf Da d*se make drowsy]
draconian a.苛刻的 [Draco 雅典立法者]
draft n.草稿;匯票 [phonetic spelling of DRAUGHT草稿;匯票;起草;征兵]
drape v.懸挂的布 [ME<OF draper<drap<LL drappus cloth]
drawl v.n.懶洋洋地說;慢慢地說 [16th c: prob orig cant,<LG, Du dralen delay, linger(<OE "拖延")殘留;徘徊;]
dreary a.沉寂的;可怕的;荒涼的 [OE dreorig<dreor gore: rel to dreosan to drop<Gmc]
dregs n.渣滓;最無用的部分 [dreg 渣滓,沈澱物,糟粕,廢物;微量;些微]
drizzle v.下細雨 [prob<ME drese, OE dreosan fall drizzly n]
droll a.有趣的;滑稽的 [F dr e, perh<MDu drolle little man]
drone n.雄蜂;翁翁聲;翁翁作聲 [OE dran, dr’n prob<WG]
dross n.渣滓;無用之物 [OE dros: cf MLG drosem, OHG truosana]
drudgery n.乏味的工作;賤役 [durdge賤役;苦工;書呆子]
dubious a.懷疑的;可疑的 [L dubiosus<dubium doubt dubitation 懷疑,半信半疑]
ductile a.易變形的;柔軟的;馴良的 [ME<OF ductile or L ductilis<ducere duct- lead]
dudgeon n.憤怒 [in(a)high ~ 極為憤怒]
dulcet a.悅耳的 [ME, earlier doucet<OF dimin of doux<L dulcis sweet]
duplicity n.欺騙;口是心非 [ME<OF duplicite or LL duplicitas(DUPLEX)]
durance n.禁錮;監禁 [ME<F<durer last<L durare: DURABLE]
dwindle v.日益減小;縮小;衰落 [dwine fade away<OE dwinan, ON dvina]
dynamic a.精力充沛的 [F dynamique<Gk dunamikos<dunamis power]
dyspeptic a.消化不良;憂鬱 [dyspepsia(-sy)n L dyspepsia<Gk duspepsia(DYS-, peptos cooked, digested)]
earthy a.粗俗的
ebb v.退潮;潮落 [OE ebba, ebbian]
ebullient a.熱情洋溢的 [L ebullire ebullient- bubble out(E-, bullire boil)ebullience -cy 沸騰;(情感的)迸發,熱狂]
eccentric a.奇人;離心圓 [LL eccentricus<Gk ekkentros<ek out of+kentros CENTRE eccentricity n]
ecclesiastic a.教會的;神職者的 [F ecclesiastique or LL ecclesiasticus<Gk ekklesiastikos<ekklesia assembly, church: ECCLESIAL教 的];[教會機構的]
eclecticism n.折衷主義 [Gk eklektikos<eklego pick out]
eclipse n.v.蝕;光之喪失;暗然失色 [ME<OF<L<Gk ekleipsis<ekleipo fail to appear, be eclipsed<leipo leave]
ecology n.生態學;社會生態學 [G ologie<Gk oikos house]
ecstasy n.狂喜;忘形
[ME<OF extasie<LL extasis<Gk ekstasis standing outside oneself<ek out+histemi to place ecstatic欣喜 若狂的,忘形的 恍惚 (陶醉) 的;心曠神怡的
ecumenical a.普通的;全基督教會的 [LL oecumenicus<Gk oikoumenikos of the inhabited earth(oikoumene)]
eddy n.漩渦;卷渦;旋風;漩卷 [prob OE ed- again, back, perh of Scand orig]
edify v.陶冶;教化;啟發 [ME<OF edifier<L aedificare(EDIFICE)edification n]
educe v.引出;演繹 [ME<L educere educt- lead out(E-, ducere lead)]
eerie a.奇異的;怪誕的 [orig NEngl and Sc eri, of obscure orig: cf OE earg cowardly]
efface v.抹掉 [F effacer(EX-, FACE)]
effectual a.有效的 [ME<medL effectualis(EFFECT)]
effervesce v.冒泡;興奮 [L effervescere(EX-, fervere be hot)]
effete a.疲憊的;枯竭的 [L effetus worn out by bearing young(EX-, FOETUS= fetus(生物)胎兒]
efficacy n.功效;效力
effigy n.肖像 [L effigies<effingere to fashion]
effluvium n.惡臭;臭氣 [L(EFFLUENT)]
effrontery n.厚顏無恥 [F effronterie<effronte ult<LL effrons -ontis shameless(EX-, frons forehead)]
effulgent a.光輝的;燦爛的 [L effulgere shine forth(EX-, fulgere shine)]
effusive a.流出的;感情橫溢的
egoism n.自私;自負;自我主義 [F egoisme ult<modL egoismus(EGO(<L."我")1(哲心理)自我(口語)自大;自尊心]
egotism n.自負;自大 [EGO+-ISM with intrusive -t-]
egregious a.非常的;過分的 [L egregius illustrious, lit ’standing out from the flock’<grex gregis flock]
egress n.出去;出口 [L egressus<egredi egress-(E-, gradi to step)]
ejaculation n.絕叫;失聲 [L ejaculari to dart(E-, jaculum javelin標槍) ejaculate 突然叫出來,忽然說出來;射出(液體)]
elaborate v.盡心竭力地做 [L elaboratus pp. of elaborare(E-, labor work)]
elasticity n.彈性;伸縮力 [modL elasticus<Gk elastikos propulsive<elauno drive elastic有彈性的,伸縮自如的 an ~ string 松緊帶]
elicit v.誘出;引出 [L elicere elicit-(E-, lacere entice)]
eliminate v.消除 [L eliminare(E-, limen liminis threshold(<OE "踩踏物")門檻;入口 (事物的) 開始,開端(of) He is on the ~] of [adulthood]
elite n.精華;精銳;社會名流
eloquent a.雄辯的;富于表現力的 [L eloqui(E-, loqui speak)ELOQUENCE雄辯,口才]
elucidate v.闡明;說明 [LL elucidare(E-, LUCID透明的;透徹的)]
elude v.躲避;困惑
[L eludere elus-(E-, ludere play)~ pursuit 逃避追蹤 ~ the law 逃避法網 ~ a person’s understanding<問 題等>叫人無法捉 摸,令人困惑
elusive a.難懂的;難捉摸的 [an ~ answer 遁辭 track down an ~ fact 追查難以明了的事實]
emaciated a.瘦弱的;憔悴的 [L emaciare emaciat-(E-, macies leanness)]
emanate v.流出;發散 [L emanare flow out]
emancipate v.解放;解除 [L emancipare transfer property(E-, manus hand+capere take)]
embargo v.n.禁止通商;妨害 [Sp<embargar arrest<Rmc(IN-, BAR禁止)]
embed v.埋藏;埋入;深留心中 [The scene was embedded in his memory 那一幕情景 深深地留在他的記憶]
embellish v.裝飾;布置 [ME<OF embellir(EN-, bel handsome<L bellus)]
embezzlement n.盜用;私用 [em+bezzle破壞 EMBEZZLE盜用;侵吞]
emblazon v.飾以紋章 [同BLAZON以紋章裝飾]
emblem n.v.象徵;典型;寓意畫 [ME<L emblema<Gk emblema -matos insertion<emballo throw in(EN-, ballo throw)emblematic -ical a]象 [的]
embody v.具體化;使成一體;編入 [embodiment賦與形體,具體化]
emboss v.雕成;使浮凸起 [ME,<OF(EN-, BOSS)]
embroil v.拖累;牽連;卷入糾紛 [F embrouiller(EN-, BROIL爭吵;對罵]
embryonic a.胚胎的 [EN-, bruo swell增大,膨脹, grow)embryo n]
emend v.修正;校訂 [ME<L emendare(E-, menda fault)emendation n]
emerge v.浮現;出現(從水中) [L emergere emers-(E-, mergere dip)emergence n]
emeritus a.名譽退休的 [L, pp. of emereri(E-, mereri earn獲得)an ~ professor = a professor ~ 名譽教授]
eminent a.聞名的;顯著的 [ME<L eminere eminent- jut突出;尖端 eminence n]
emollient n.鎮痛劑;緩和藥;潤膚劑 [L emollire(E-, mollis soft)MOLLIFY撫慰]
emolument n.薪俸;酬報 [ME<OF emolument or L emolumentum, orig prob ’payment for corn-grinding’,<emolere(E-, molere grind)]
empathy n.心意相通;融為一體 [transl G Einf lung<ein in+F lung feeling, after Gk empatheia: SYMPATHY]
employ v.雇佣 [ME<OF employer ult<L implicari be involved<implicare enfold: IMPLICATE(<L."卷入其中")(文語 使]<[某人>牽連 (涉及) (犯罪等)]
empyreal a.天空的 [medL empyreus<Gk empurios(EN-, pur fire)]
emulate v.趕上或超過;模仿 [L aemulari(EMULOUS)emulation n競爭;仿效]
enact v.制定為法律 [en+ACT enactment n制定;條例]
enamored a.傾心的;被迷住的
enchant v.施魔法于;使迷惑 [ME<F enchanter<L incantare(IN-, canere cant- sing)ENCHANTING討人喜歡的 ENCHANTMENT 魔];[喜悅]
enclave n.被包圍的領土;飛地 [F<enclaver ult<L clavis key]
enclosure n.圍繞;附件;圍牆 [AF & OF(ENCLOSE圍繞;放入封套)]
encompass v.包圍;圍繞 [COMPASS指南針;包圍]
encumber v.阻礙行動;妨害 [ME<OF encombrer block up<Rmc encumbrance 妨害,障礙;障礙物]
endearment n.表示親愛的行為
endemic a.地方特有的 [<Gk endemos native(EN-, demos the people)]
endocrinologist n.內分泌學家 [endocardial 心內的 心內膜的 endocarp(植物)內果皮 endocentric 向心結構的 endocranium(解)硬 膜];[顱內膜 endocrine 內分泌腺]
endorse v.確認;贊同;支持 [medL indorsare(IN-, L dorsum back)]
endorsement n.背書;合同
endow v.捐贈基金;資助 [ME<AF endouer(EN-, OF douer<L dotare<dos dotis DOWER)]
endue v.賦予 [earlier = induct, put on clothes: ME<OF enduire<L inducere lead in, assoc in sense with L induere put] [on(clothes)]
energize v.給與精力;使活動
enervate v.使衰弱 [L enervatus pp. of enervare(E-, nervus sinew肌肉;精力;動力)]
engender v.產生;釀成 [ME<OF engendrer<L ingenerare(IN-, generare GENERATE)]
engross v.使全神貫注 [en+gros wholesale大規模;批發 engrossing吸引人的,令人神往的 an ~ novel 令人著迷的小說]
engulf v.吞沒;席卷 [en+GULF大溝]
enhance v.增加;提高 [ME<AF enhauncer, prob alt<OF enhaucier ult<L altus high enhancement增加;提高]
enigma n.謎;難解的事或人 [L aenigma<Gk ainigma -matos<ainissomai speak allusively<ainos fable enigmatic如謎的,難以理解的-cal]
enjoin v.命令;吩咐;禁止 [ME<OF enjoindre<L injungere(IN-, jungere join)]
enlist v.使入伍 [enlistment 兵籍登記,募兵;入伍 服兵役期間]
ennui n.怠倦;無聊 [F<L in odio: cf ODIUM(<L."憎恨")惡評;不受人歡迎;非難]
enormity n.罪大惡極;暴行 [ME<F enormite<L enormitas -tatis<enormis(ENORMOUS(<L."不尋常(norm)")巨大的,龐大的,非凡的]
enrage v.激怒 [F enrager(EN-, RAGE激怒;發怒)]
enrapture v.使狂喜;令人出神 [RAPTURE興高採烈;狂喜]
ensconce v.藏匿;庇護;安置;安坐 [SCONCE小堡壘;頭;燭台]
ensemble n.全體;合唱;女人全套服裝 [F, ult<L insimul(IN-, simul at the same time)]
ensign n.艦旗;國旗;徽章 [ME<OF enseigne<L insignia: INSIGNIA(<L."識別記號")pl 徽章,勛章;(表示職務等的)識別証]
ensue v.因而發生 [ME<OF ensuivre ult<L sequi follow SUE控告;請願]
entail v.惹起;使負擔 [ME,<EN-+AF taile TAIL]
entangle v.使...卷入;使...混亂 [TANGLE混亂;纏結]
enthrall v.迷住;奴役 [THRALL奴隸;束縛]
entice v.慫恿;誘惑 [ME<OF enticier prob<Rmc enticement誘惑,慫恿 魅力 He fell victim to her ~ 他被她的魅力征服了]
entitle v.取名為;給予稱號 [ME<AF entitler, OF entiteler<LL intitulare(IN-, TITLE)]
entity n.存在;實體物 [<LL ens being nonentity不存在之物;無足輕重者 Of course you are a ~;you will continue to be one until] [you prove your value to the community]
entomology n.昆蟲學 [ENTOMO-昆蟲, -LOGY egger eggar 哭葉蛾 ephemera 生命極短促之物;孚游 flea 蚤; geometer 幾]何 [者;尺獲]
entrap v.以網或陷阱捕捉 [OF entraper(EN-, TRAP)]
entreat v.懇求;乞求
[ME<OF entraiter(EN-, traiter TREAT)entreaty n 懇求;乞求 treaty 條約,盟約(文語)(個人間的)約束, 定]
entree n.入場權;進入權
entrench v.挖壕溝;防守 [The army ~ed themselves near the shore 軍隊在海岸附近挖壕溝固守 entrenched 確立的;確定的 an ~] [habit 根深蒂固的習慣 ~ bureaucrats 地位穩固的官僚]
entrepreneur n.企業家;主辦人 [F<entreprendre undertake: ENTERPRISE 企業單位,公司 企業精神,冒險精神,積極性]
enumerate v.枚舉;計數 [L enumerare(E-, NUMBER)]
enunciate v.發表;宣布;(清晰地)發音 [L enuntiare(E-, nuntiare announce<nuntius messenger)enunciation 發音 宣言;公告]
environ v.包圍;環繞
[ME<OF environer<environ surroundings<en in+viron circuit<virer turn, VEER ENVIRONS pl周邊;周 圍的區域;近郊(都市的)郊外
envisage v.正視;面對;想像 [F envisager(EN-, VISAGE臉;面容)]
enzyme n.酵素 [同enzym G Enzym<med Gk enzumos leavened<Gk en in+zume leaven?? ZYMURGY釀造學 ZYMIC] [zymo-, zym-(用于複合字中)表"發酵,??"之義,如:zymolysis發酵;??解]
eon n.世;紀;代;極長之時間 [同eaon ~s ago 太古]
ephemeral a.短命的;暫時的 [Gk ephemeros: EPHEMERA生命極短促之物;孚游]
epicure n.美食家
[medL epicurus one preferring sensual enjoyment: EPICUREAN 美食家;享樂主義的 Epicurus 希臘哲 學家;伊比鳩魯派始祖 Epictetus 希臘斯多噶Stoic 學派哲學家
epidemic n.傳染病;流行;傳染性的 [F epidemique<epidemie<LL epidemia<Gk epidemia prevalence of disease<epidemios(adj)(EPI-, demos the] [people)]
epidemiology n.流行病學;傳染病學 [LL<Gk(EPI-在外, DERMIS皮)epidemic catarrh(醫)流行性感冒]
epigram n.警句;短而機智的妙語 [<Gk epigramma -atos(EPI-, -GRAM)epigrammatic -ical a警句的;諷刺詩的;警句的]
epilogue n.戲劇中的收場白 [ME<F epilogue<L epilogus<Gk epilogos(EPI-, logos speech)]
epistemology n.認識論 [epistemic 知識的 epiphyte(醫)皮上寄生菌]
epitaph n.墓志銘 [ME<OF epitaphe<L epitaphium<Gk epitaphion funeral oration(EPI-, taphos tomb)]
epithet n.(貶低人的)短語或形容詞 [F epith e or L epitheton<Gk epitheton<epitithemi add(EPI-, tithemi place)]
epitome n.摘要;縮影
[<Gk epitome<epitemno abridge(EPI-, temno cut)TOME卷,冊 epitomize 為的典型 Shylock ~s greed 謝洛克是貪婪的典型
epoch n.紀元;時代 [modL epocha<Gk epokhe stoppage 中止(活動);停止(爭議期間的)停工,罷工]
equable a.寧靜的;穩定的 [L aequabilis(EQUATE使相等,視為平等)]
equanimity n.平靜;鎮定 [L aequanimitas<aequanimis<aequus even+animus mind]
equestrian n.騎馬者;騎術家 [L equestris<eques horseman, knight,<equus horse]
equilibrium n.平衡 [L(EQUI-, libra balance)_]
Unit 12
equinox n.晝夜平分點;春分 [ME<OF equinoxe or medL equinoxium for L aequinoctium(EQUI-, nox noctis night)nocturnal 夜(間)]的2( [物)夜間活動的,夜出的 a ~ animal]
equipage n.馬車 [F equipage(EQUIP裝備)]
equitable a.公正的 [F equitable(EQUITY公平;公正)]
equivalent a.等價物
[E<OF<LL aequivalere(EQUI-, valere be worth)equivalence 同等,同值;(詞語的)等義 2(化學)(原子的) 價],當量
equivocal a.意義不明顯的 [EQUI-, vocare call;unequivocal明白的]
equivocate v.撒謊;蒙混 [ME<LL aequivocare(EQUIVOCAL)]
erase v.擦掉;抹去 [L eradere eras-(E-, radere scrape)erasure刪除;刪去的語句;塗擦處]
erotic a.n.色情的;好色之徒 [F erotique<Gk erotikos<eros erotos sexual love]
errand n.差使;(出差的)目的;差事 [OE ’rende<Gmc]
errant a.錯誤的;出格的;漂泊的 [ME: sense formed as ERR: sense 2<OF errer ult<LL itinerare<iter journey]
erratic a.不穩定的 [ME<OF erratique<L erraticus(ERR犯錯)]
erroneous a.錯誤的 [ME<OF erroneus or L erroneus<erro -onis vagabond(ERR)]
erudite a.博學的 [ME<L eruditus pp. of erudire instruct, train(E-, rudis untrained)erudition n]
eruption n.噴出;長牙;發疹
escapade n.惡作劇;大膽妄為 [F<Prov or Sp escapada(ESCAPE)]
eschew v.避開;遠離 [ME<OF eschiver, ult<Gmc: rel to SHY]
escort n.護送;護衛者;護送 [F escorte, escorter<It scorta fem pp. of scorgere conduct]
espionage n.間諜活動 [F espionnage<espionner<espion SPY]
esprit de corps n.團隊精神
espy v.發現;看見 [ME<OF espier: SPY]
establishment n.確立;創立;組織;定收入
estate n.地產;不動產;時期 [ME<OF estat(STATUS)]
estranged a.疏遠的;不和的 [ME<AF estraunger, OF estranger<L extraneare treat as a stranger<extraneus stranger]
etch v.蝕刻;蝕鏤;施行蝕刻法 [Du etsen<G zen etch<OHG azzen cause to eat or to be eaten<Gmc etching蝕刻法;腐蝕銅版術,蝕刻版];[ 蝕刻版版畫
ethereal a.太空的;輕巧的 [L aethereus, -ius<Gk aitherios(ETHER太空;蒼天)]
ethnic a.種族的;人種的 [ME<ecclL ethnicus<Gk ethnikos heathen<ethnos nation ethnography民族志學 ethnology人種學]
ethos n.性格;氣質;民族精神 [modL<Gk ethos nature, disposition]
eugenic a.優生的
eulogy n.頌詞;頌揚 [medL eulogium<(app by confusion with L elogium epitaph)LL eulogia praise<Gk eulogistic -tical a頌 的];[贊頌的]
euphemism n.委婉的說法 [Gk euphemismos<euphemos(EU-, pheme speaking)]
euphonious a.悅耳的 [F euphonie<LL euphonia<Gk euphonia(EU-, phone sound)euphony n]
evacuate v.撤空;排洩;撤退 [L evacuare(E-, vacuus empty)]
evade v.躲開 [F evader<L evadere(E-, vadere vas- go)]
evanescent a.易消散的;暫時的 [evanesce 逐漸看不見;消散]
evaporate v.蒸發;使脫水 [L evaporare(E-, vaporare as VAPOUR)]
evasive a.逃避的;推諉的
even a.傍晚 [OE ’fen]
evince v.表明;表示 [L evincere: EVICT VINCIBLE可征服的]
eviscerate v.取出...之腸 [L eviscerare eviscerat-(E-, VISCERA內髒)]
evoke v.喚起;引起 [L evocare(E-, vocare call)evocative 喚起的;召喚的 a scene ~ of the good old days 一個令人想起以往]美[ 好日子的情景
exacerbate v.加重;加劇 [L exacerbare(EX-, acerbus bitter)]
exacting a.苛求的;嚴厲的
exaction n.勒索;榨取 [ME<L exactio(EXACT)]
exaggerate v.誇大;誇張 [exaggerare(EX-, aggerare heap up<agger heap堆積)]
exalt v.提高;擢升;贊揚;歌頌 [ME<L exaltare(EX-, altus high)exaltation n]
excavate v.挖開;鑿通;挖出;發掘 [L excavare(EX-, cavus hollow)]
exceed v.超過(限度);超越 [ME<OF exceder<L excedere(EX-, cedere cess- go)exceedingly非常地,極度地 an ~ difficult book 一本]很[ 難的書
excel v.勝過;優越;卓越 [ME<L excellere(EX-, celsus lofty)]
exception n.除外;例外;異議;不服 [ME<OF<L exceptio -onis(EXCEPT)exceptionable(文語)可提出異議的,可非難的 There’s nothing ~ in it] [那沒有可非難之處]
exchequer n.資財;資源 [ME<AF escheker, OF eschequier<medL scaccarium chessboard(its orig sense, with ref to keeping accounts on] [a chequered cloth)]
exclude v.除外;排除;拒絕 [ME<L excludere exclus-(EX-, claudere shut) exclusion 趕出;攆出;除外;排斥;放逐]
exclusive a.除外的;排外的;非公開的 [medL exclusivus(EXCLUDE)]
excoriate v.使磨破皮;剝皮;嚴厲批評 [L excoriare excoriat-(EX-, corium hide)]
exculpate v.剖白;辯解 [medL exculpare exculpat-(EX-, culpa blame)]
excursion n.游覽;旅行;脫離主題 [L excursio<excurrere excurs-(EX-, currere run)]
execrate v.憎惡;厭惡 [L exsecrare(EX-, sacrare devote<sacer sacred, accursed)excrable該咒的;可憎恨的;討厭的]
executive a.總經理 [medL executivus(EXECUTE 實行,執行<計畫、命令等>,完成<任務>對<人>執行死刑,將<人>處死]
exegesis n.注釋;訓話 [Gk exegesis<exegeomai interpret(EX-, hegeomai lead)]
exemplary a.可為模範的 [LL exemplaris(EXAMPLE)]
exempt v.a.n.免除;被免除的(人) [ME<L exemptus pp. of eximere exempt-(EX-, emere take)]
exertion n.努力
exhale v.吐出;發散;蒸發;發洩 [ME<OF exhaler<L exhalare(EX-, halare breathe)]
exhaustion n.耗盡 [L exhaustio(EXHAUST用盡<資源、體力等>~ one’s money 把錢用光 exhaustive徹底的,無遺漏的 ~] [inquiries (research) 徹底的調查 (詳盡的研究)]
exhilarating a.令人喜歡的;使人愉快的 [exhilarare(EX-, hilaris cheerful)HILARITY歡喜;高興]
exhort v.力勸 [ME<OF exhorter or L exhortari(EX-, hortari exhort)exhortation 勸告;忠告]
exhume v.從墓中掘出;默默發掘 [F exhumer<medL exhumare(EX-, humus ground)]
exigency n.緊急;迫切需要 [F exigence & LL exigentia(EXIGENT1<事態等>危急的,急迫的 不斷要求的,糾纏不休的]
exiguous a.稀少的;細微的 [L exiguus scanty<exigere weigh exactly: exiguity 稀少;微薄;細微]
exile n.v.放逐;流放國外;流亡者 [ME<OF exil, exiler<L exilium banishment放逐,驅逐;流刑;擯棄;排除]
exodus n.大批離去 [ecclL<Gk exodos(EX-, hodos way)]
exonerate v.使無罪;免除 [L exonerare exonerat-(EX-, onus, oneris burden)]
exorbitant a.過分的;過度的 [LL exorbitare(EX-, orbita ORBIT(天體或人造衛星等繞行的)軌道 活動範圍;(人生的)旅程,生活 過程]
exorcise v.驅邪;除怪
exotic a.外來的;奇特的 [L exoticus<Gk exotikos<exo outside]
expand v.使膨大;擴張 [ME<L expandere expans- spread out(EX-, pandere spread)]
expatriate n.v.脫離國籍者 [medL expatriare(EX-, patria native country)]
expediency n.權宜;便宜手段
expedite v.加速;使容易;促進 [L expedire expedit- extricate, put in order(EX-, pes pedis foot)]
expedition n.遠征;探險旅行;遠征隊 [E<OF<L expeditio -onis(EXPEDITE)]
expel v.趕出;逐出;除名;發射 [ME<L expellere expuls-(EX-, pellere drive)n-expulsion]
expend v.花費;消費;支出;使用 [ME<L expendere expens-(EX-, pendere weigh)expendable 可消耗的;消耗品;犧牲品]
expenditure n.消費;支出 [EXPEND, after obs expenditor officer in charge of expenditure,<medL<expenditus irreg pp. of L expendere]
expiate v.補償;贖(罪) [L expiare expiat-(EX-, pius devout虔誠的;衷心的]
expire v.終了;滿期;消滅 [ME<OF expirer<L exspirare(EX-, spirare breathe) expiration 完結,終結;期滿;斷氣;死亡]
expletive n.感嘆詞;咒罵語 [LL expletivus(EX-, plere plet- fill)]
explicit a.明確的;直爽的 [F explicite or L explicitus(EXPLICATE)]
exploit n.功績 [ME<OF esploit, exploiter ult<L explicare: EXPLICATE]
explore v.探險;踏勘;精密檢查 [F explorer<L explorare exploration n]
exposition n.博覽會;展覽會;詳述 [E<OF exposition, or L expositio(EXPONENT)v-expose,expound(對人)詳細說明<學說、觀念等>; 釋],[說明<聖典等 >(to)]
expressly ad.明白地;清楚地;特別地
expunge v.除去;刪掉 [L expungere expunct-(EX-, pungere prick刺;扎)]
expurgate v.刪除 [L expurgare expurgat-(EX-, purgare cleanse)]
exquisite a.精美的;靈敏的 [ME<L exquirere exquisit-(EX-, quaerere seek)]
extant a.現存的;未失的 [L exstare exstant-(EX-, stare stand)]
extemporaneous a.即席的;一時的 [extemporize即席演說;即性創作]
extenuate v.減少;減輕 [L extenuare extenuat-(EX-, tenuis thin)]
extinct a.n.已滅的;耗盡的;斷絕的 [ME<L exstinguere exstinct-(EX-, stinguere quench)]
extirpate v.除盡;滅絕 [L exstirpare exstirpat-(EX-, stirps stem)STIRP血統 STIRPICULTURE 優生法]
extol v.極度稱贊;頌揚 [L extollere(EX-, tollere raise)]
extort v.勒索;敲榨 [L extorquere extort-(EX-, torquere twist)extortion 強索,強取,勒索 (~s)強索 (勒索) 的行為]
extract v.拔出;抽出 [L extrahere extract-(EX-, trahere draw)]
extradition n.引渡逃犯 [extradite引渡回國;拿獲歸案 They refused to ~ the hijackers to the U S]
extraneous a.無關的;外部的 [L extraneus]
extravagant a.揮霍無度的;無節制的 [E<medL extravagari(EXTRA-, vagari wander)]
extremity n.末端;極點;窘境;四肢
[ME<OF extremite or L extremitas(EXTREME)at the eastern ~ of the island 在島的東端 an ~ of joy 歡 喜之極,極度歡喜
extricate v.解脫;救出 [L extricare extricat-(EX-, tricae perplexities)]
extrinsic a.外部的;不緊要的 [LL extrinsicus outward<L extrinsecus(adv)<exter outside+secus beside]
extrovert n.外向的人 [extro- = EXTRA-(after intro-)+L vertere turn]
extrude v.逐出;擠壓成 [L extrudere extrus-(EX-, trudere thrust)]
exuberant a.繁茂的;豐富的 [F exuberant<L exuberare(EX-, uberare be fruitful<uber fertile)]
exude v.滲出;流出 [L exsudare(EX-, sudare sweat)]
exult v.歡騰;狂歡 [L exsultare(EX-, saltare frequent of salire salt- leap)exultant 狂歡的;耀武揚威的]
fabric n.紡織品;組織;構造物 [ME<F fabrique<L fabrica<faber metal-worker etc fabricate 制造;捏造]
fabulous a.寓言般的;難以置信的 [F fabuleux or L fabulosus(FABLE)]
facade n.建築物的正面
facet n.(事物之)一面 [F facette dimin(FACE, -ETTE)]
facetious a.好開玩笑的 [F facetieux<facetie<L facetia jest笑話;嘲笑;開玩笑)]
facile a.容易的;靈巧的;流暢的 [F facile or L facilis<facere do]
facilitate v.使便利;幫助 [F faciliter<It facilitare<facile easy<L facilis]
faction n.小黨派;(小黨派的)摩擦 [factious 鬧派別的;好搞宗派活動的]
fag v.n.苦幹;苦工;同性戀男人 [Jack ~ged away at his math 傑克專心費力做數學 He was completely fagged out 他已筋疲力盡 abbr of] [FAGGOT柴把,束薪(烹飪)碎肉丸]
fain a.欣然地;樂意地 [OE f’gen<Gmc]
fake n.膺品;騙子;仿造 [ME: cf Scottish faik fold]
fallacious a.使人誤解的;謬誤的 [fallere deceive fallacy錯誤]
fallible a.可能犯錯的 [medL fallibilis<L fallere deceive]
fallow a.荒蕪的;休耕的 [OE falu, fealu<Gmc]
familiarity n.親密;熟悉;精通;性關系 [E<OF familiarite<L familiaritas -tatis(FAMILIAR)]
famish v.使挨餓 [ME<obs fame<OF afamer ult<L fames hunger]
fanaticism n.狂熱;盲從 [F fanatique or L fanaticus<fanum temple(orig in religious sense)]
fancied a.想象的;幻想的 [fanciful奇怪的;想象的]
fanfare n.喇叭;號角聲;虛張聲勢 [(<F "吹喇叭")]
fantastic a.奇異的;空想的 [ME<OF fantastique<medL fantasticus<LL phantasticus<Gk phantastikos(FANTAST)]
farce n.鬧劇;蠢事;仿效 [orig = stuffing 填塞<L farcire to stuff, used metaph of interludes(多幕劇的)幕間(interval)etc <L."塞入"]
fare n.運費;菜肴;吃;旅行 [OE f’r, faru journeying, faran(v),<Gmc]
farrier n.蹄鐵匠;獸醫 [OF ferrier<L ferrarius<ferrum iron, horseshoe]
fastidious a.吹毛求疵的 [ME<L fastidiosus<fastidium loathing嫌惡;極不情願]
fatality n.宿命;命運;死亡;死亡者 [F fatalite or LL fatalitas<L fatalis FATAL fatalism宿命論]
fatigue n.疲勞;使疲勞 [F fatigue, fatiguer<L fatigare tire out]
fatuous a.愚昧的;昏庸的 [L fatuus foolish fatuity 愚昧;昏庸]
fault n.過失;缺點;犯錯誤 [ME faut(e)<OF ult<L fallere FAIL]
fealty n.效忠;信實 [ME<OF feaulte<L fidelitas -tatis<fidelis faithful<fides faith]
feasible a.可實行的;易實現的 [ME<OF faisable, -ible<fais- stem of faire<L facere do, make]
febrile a.發熱的;熱病的 [F febrile or medL febrilis<L febris fever]
fecundity n.生產力;豐富 [ME<F fecond or L fecundus FECUND多產的;豐饒的]
feeble a.微弱的 [ME<AF & OF feble, fieble, fleible<L flebilis lamentable<flere weep]
feign v.假裝;想象
[ME<feign- stem of OF feindre<L fingere mould, contrive feigned假的;做作的 unfeigned不是假裝的;真 誠的
feint n.偽裝;佯裝攻擊 [ME<OF(FEINT: FAINT<音、光等>微弱的,<顏色>不清楚的 b<希望>微小的;<念頭>模糊的 (因] [勞、飢餓、疾病等) 快要昏倒的]
feisty a.脾氣不好的 [feist同 fist)small dog]
felicitous a.恰切的;適當的 [a ~ choice of words 得體的措辭]
feline a.貓科的;貓的;輕行的 [L felinus<feles cat]
fell a.獸皮;砍伐 [OE fel, fell<Gmc]
felony n.重罪 [ME<OF felonie(FELON)felon(法)重罪人]
ferment n.動亂;騷動 [ME<OF ferment or L fermentum<L fervere boil]
fertile a.肥沃的;豐饒的 [ME<F<L fertilis fertility 肥沃,豐饒_]
Unit 13
fervent a.強烈的;熱情的 [ME<OF<L fervere boil fervid熱情的 fervor熱誠;熱心;熾熱]
fester v.化膿;腐敗 [ME<obs fester(n)or OF festrir,<OF festre<L fistula: FISTULA管;樓管]
fete v.招待;慶祝;慶典;節日 [a garden (lawn) ~(美)園游會 a national ~ 國定節日]
fetid a.臭的;有惡臭的 [L fetidus<fetere stink發出惡臭的]
fetish n.被認為有神靈之物;偶像 [F fetiche<Port feiti charm: orig adj = made by art,<L factitius FACTITIOUS 人為的,人工的;做作的],[ 不自然的
feud n.爭執;領地;不和;爭執 [medL feudum: FEE]
fiasco n.完全失敗 [It, = bottle(with unexplained allusion): FLASK燒瓶;小水瓶]
fiat n.命令 [L, = let it be done by fiat 以(絕對)命令]
fickle a.多變的;不專的 [OE ficol;cf befician deceive, f’cne deceitful]
fictitious a.虛構的;佯裝的 [L ficticius(FICTILE 塑造的;可塑造的 粘土制的;陶土制的 It’s a ~ deity 這是用粘土塑的神像 Sanhsia] [is famous for its ~ ware 三峽以陶器聞名]
fidelity n.忠誠 [F fidelite or L fidelitas(FEALTY忠誠)]
fidget v.煩躁之人 [obs or dial fidge to twitch fidgety 坐立不安的;不安定的]
fiduciary a.受托的;信托的 [L fiduciarius(FIDUCIAL基准的;根據信仰的;信托的)]
fierce a.粗暴的;凶猛的 [ME<AF fers, OF fiers fier proud<L ferus savage]
fiery a.火的,燃燒的;炯炯的
figment n.虛構的事物 [ME<L figmentum, rel to fingere fashion]
filch v.偷竊(不貴重的東西) [16th-c thieves’ sl He ~ed a piece of chalk from the teacher’s desk 他從老師的書桌上偷取一支粉筆]
file n.銼刀;推敲;銼;陶冶 [FILINGS銼屑]
filial a.子女的 [ME<OF filial or LL filialis<filius son, filia daughter FILIAL PIETY孝心]
filth n.污物;猥褻;猥褻語 [OE fylth(FOUL, -TH)filthy不潔的;污穢的]
finable a.可罰款的;應罰款的
finale n.終局;結尾 [It(FINAL)]
finesse n.手法;技巧 [F, rel to FINE]
finicky a.苛求的;太過講究的 [單詞FINICAL的變體,<FINE+ical]
finite a.有限的 [L finitus pp. of finire FINISH]
firmament n.天空;蒼天 [ME<OF<L firmamentum<firmare(FIRM)(<L."支撐")]
fissile a.易分裂的;易裂的 [L fissilis(FISSURE裂縫;裂開)]
fissure n.裂縫 [ME<OF fissure or L fissura<findere fiss- cleave]
fitful a.斷續的;一陣陣的;不安的 [a ~ wind 一陣陣的風]
flabby a.軟弱的;意志薄弱的 [alt of earlier flappy<FLAP拍打,飄動]
flaccid a.軟弱的;沒力氣的 [F flaccide or L flaccidus<flaccus flabby]
flag v.衰退;枯萎 [flagging adj萎靡的;疲憊的 FLAGGY松軟的;疲憊的]
flagellate v.鞭打 [flagellant鞭笞者,嚴厲批評的 flagellum鞭子;鞭毛]
flagrant a.惡名昭彰的;聲名狼籍的 [F flagrant or L flagrant- part stem of flagrare blaze火焰;燃燒]
flail v.用連枷打;擊打 [OE prob<L FLAGELLUM鞭;鞭毛]
flair n.才能;本領 [F flairer to smell ult<L fragrare: FRAGRANT芬芳的]
flamboyant a.燦爛的;華麗的 [F(in Archit sense), pres part of flamboyer<flambe: FLAMBEAU火把;大燭台 flamboyance火紅,華麗; 麗];[燦爛奪目]
flare v.(火焰)搖曳;閃爍
[The torches ~d in the wind 那些火炬的火焰在風中搖曳 My stomach ulcer has ~d up again 我的胃潰 瘍突然又發作了 flareback 火舌回閃;反駁
flaunt v.炫耀;張揚 [Flags are ~ing in the breeze 旗子在微風中飄揚 ~ one’s riches in public 在大眾面前炫耀自己的財富]
flaw n.裂縫;缺陷 [flawless無瑕疵的,無缺點的]
flay v.剝皮;劫奪;嚴厲斥責 [OE flean<Gmc]
fleck v.斑點;微粒 [perh<ON flekkr(n), flekka(v), or MLG, MDu vlecke, OHG flec, fleccho;fleche(法、建)尖頂塔]
fledgling a.n.無經驗的(年輕人) [FLEDGE+-LING]
fleece n.羊毛;柔軟的織品;詐取 [OE fleos, fles<WG I was ~d of what little I had 我所有的一點 錢都被騙走了]
fleeting a.飛逝的;疾馳的;短暫的 [FLEET+-ING]
flexible a.易曲的;柔韌的;能變形的 [ME<OF flexible or L flexibilis(FLEX)flex彎曲]
flick n.輕打;輕彈 [go to the ~s 去看電影 He ~ed me in the face 他(用指尖)輕彈我的臉]
flicker n.火光閃動 [imit of its note]
flighty a.輕浮的;心情浮動的 [FLIGHT飛行;飛躍+Y]
flimsy a.脆弱的;薄弱的 [17th c: prob<FLIMFLAM: cf TIPSY微醉的;(酒後)步伐蹣跚的 walk with a ~ step(酒醉而)步伐蹣跚] [走]
flinch v.退縮
[Without ~ing he dashed into the burning house to save the children 他毫不畏縮地衝進在燃燒的房 屋 中去救小孩
fling v.拋;突然伸出;用力搖動 [He flung a stream of abuse at me 他衝著我亂 罵一通 He was flung into jail 他被關進監獄 She angrily] [flung up her head 她生氣地抬起頭]
flint n.打火石;燧石
flippant a.言語尖刻的;無禮的 [FLIP蹦跳+-ANT FLIPPANCY無禮;言語尖刻]
flirt v.調情取樂;調戲;用力搖動 [imit flirtatious愛調戲的;輕浮的]
flock n.群;聚集;成群地去 [ME<OF floc<L floccus]
floppy a.懶散的;邋遢的 [floppy disk(電算)軟磁碟]
flora n.植物志;植物群
[modL<the name of the goddess of flowers<L flos floris flower (植)galingale 一種姜科植物的根.萱的一 種(英國產)
florid a.華麗的;鮮紅的 [F floride or L floridus<flos floris flower]
flotsam n.遇難船的殘骸或漂流貨物 [AF floteson<floter FLOAT)flounce 衝出,衝入扭動身體,掙扎,打滾]
flout v.輕視;嘲弄;違抗 [perh<Du fluiten whistle, hiss: cf FLUTE笛子]
fluency n.流利;雄辯
fluffy a.絨毛的;毛茸茸的;無聊的
fluke n.比目魚;馬鈴薯;偶然機會 [16th c: perh<FLUKE (常 ~s)錨爪,錨鉤 僥幸的擊中;僥幸 win by(a)~ 僥幸得勝]
flunk n.v.考試不及格;斷絕關系
[cf FUNK 卻懦;畏縮 and obs flink be a coward)He ~ed the course 他那一科考試不及格(flinch 與 funk 的混合語)
flush n.疾風;飛起;水淹;臉紅 [BLUSH 臉紅]
fluster v.使緊張;使慌亂 [cf Icel flaustr(a)hurry, bustle]
fluted a.有凹槽的 [flute 笛,橫笛(建築)(柱子上的)長凹槽,凹槽雕刻 用橫笛演奏<曲子>]
flux n.流動;不斷的改變 [ME<OF flux or L fluxus<fluere flux- flow fluctuant 變動的;波動的;起伏的]
foible n.弱點;小缺點 [F, obs form of faible(FEEBLE衰弱的;無效的)]
foil n.薄金屬片;圓頭劍;阻撓 [<foli FOLIAGE樹葉]
foist v.混入;蒙騙 [orig of palming a false die,<Du dial vuisten take in the hand<vuist FIST拳頭;手]
fold n.折褶;羊欄;折摺 [OE fald]
foliage n.葉(集合稱) [ME<F feuillage<feuille leaf<OF foille: FOIL]
follies n.時事諷刺舞台劇
foment v.煽動 [ME<F fomenter<LL fomentare<L fomentum poultice, lotion<fovere heat, cherish fomentation n煽動; 起];[助長]
foolhardy a.魯莽的 [ME<OF folhardi<fol foolish+hardi bold]
footle n.夢話;做笨事;胡鬧;浪費 [19th c: perh<dial footer idle]
foppish a.矯飾的;浮華的 [fop 過份講究衣飾或舉動的人]
forage n.飼料;搜尋(糧食);搶劫 [ME<OF fourrage, fourrager, rel to FODDER馬料;草料 forager 強徵(糧食)隊員;搶劫者]
foray n.侵襲;突襲
[ME, prob earlier as verb: back-form<forayer<OF forrier forager, rel to FODDER(家畜的)飼料,秣 為供應 不斷的需求而被使用的人(東西)
forbearance n.耐心 [forbear 慎于<做>;克制,忍耐;避免 forbearing 能忍受的]
forbidding a.可怕的;令人難親近的
forcible a.有力的;強行的 [ME<AF & OF(FORCE)]
foreboding n.不祥的預感 [She had a ~ that he might have (meet with) an accident 她預感他可能會遭到意外事故]
forensic a.辯論的;法庭的 [L forensis<FORUM]
foreordain v.注定;預定命運 [He was ~ed to fail 他注定要失敗 ordain 注定;規定,制定 God has ~ed that we(should)die 上帝已注]定 [們會死]
forerunner n.先行者;先驅者
forfeit v.罰款;沒收物
[ME同 crime)<OF forfet, forfait pp. of forfaire transgress(f L foris outside)+faire<L facere do FORFEITURE( 名譽等)喪失
forge n.煉鐵廠;鍛煉;假造 [forger偽造者;膺造者;鐵匠 forgery偽造;偽造罪]
forgo v.沒有...就算了;放棄 [OE forgan(FOR-, GO)]
forlorn a.孤獨的;寂寞的;可憐的 [pp. of obs forlese<OE forleosan(FOR-, LOSE): forlorn hope<Du verloren hoop lost troop, orig of a] [storming-party etc]
format n.(書等的)開式;版式 [F<G<L formatus(liber)shaped(book), pp. of formare FORM FORMATIVE形成的;影響發展的]
formidable a.可畏懼的;可怕的 [F formidable or L formidabilis<formidare fear]
formulate v.用公式表示;系統陳述
forsake v.舍棄;放棄;死心 [OE forsacan deny, renounce, refuse,<WG;cf OE sacan quarrel]
forswear v.發誓拋棄;發假誓 [OE forswerian(FOR-, SWEAR發誓,宣誓,立誓 濫用神的名字,冒瀆神名,說不敬神的話]
forte n.長處;強音的 [It, = strong, loud]
fortissimo a.最強的;最強音的 [It, superl of FORTE)(意大利語 forte 的最高級)]
fortitude n.堅忍;剛毅 [ME<F<L fortitudo -dinis<fortis strong]
fortuitous a.偶然的;意外的 [L fortuitus<forte by chance]
forum n.法庭;講壇;討論會;制裁 [(<L."公開的場地,廣場")the ~ of conscience 良心的制裁]
foster v.養育;助長 [OE fostrian, foster, rel to FOOD]
foul a.v.污穢;卑鄙;犯規 [OE ful<Gmc(<OE "發惡臭的")a ~ tongue 下流的話,惡言]
founder v.浸水;挫折;陷落 [ME<OF fondrer, esfondrer submerge, collapse, ult<L fundus bottom]
fracas n.吵鬧;打架 [F<fracasser<It fracassare make an uproar]
fractious a.任性的;難駕馭的 [FRACTION in obs sense ’brawling爭吵’, prob after factious etc]
fracture v.n.裂縫;破口;骨折 [ME<F fracture or<L fractura(FRACTION)]
frailty n.脆弱;意志薄弱 [ME<OF frailete<L fragilitas -tatis(FRAGILE)frail 脆弱的]
franchise n.(政府准許的)特權 [ME<OF<franc, franche free: FRANK]
frantic a.發狂的;狂亂的 [ME frentik, frantik<OF frenetique<L phreneticus: PHRENETIC(古)= frenetic]
fraternity n.手足之情;兄弟會 [E<OF fraternite<L fraternitas -tatis(FRATERNAL)fraternal兄弟似的;友愛的]
fraud n.欺詐;欺詐行為;騙子 [ME<OF fraude<L fraus fraudis]
fraudulent a.欺騙的;詭詐的 [ME<OF fraudulent or L fraudulentus(FRAUD)]
fraught a.充滿的 [ME, pp. of obs fraught(v)load with cargo<MDu vrachten<vracht FREIGHT貨運]
fray n.吵架;磨損 [ME<fray to quarrel<affray(v)(AFFRAY 吵架;打架;鬧事(尤指在公共場所,小群與小群之間打群架)]
freak n.a.v.奇異的;怪誕的;斑紋 [16th c: prob<dial]
freebooter n.海盜;流寇 [Du vrijbuiter(FREE, BOOTY): cf FILIBUSTER海盜]
freemasonry n.共濟會之主義;同病相憐 [freemason 共濟會會員]
frenetic a.狂亂的 [ME<OF frenetique<L phreneticus<Gk phrenitikos<phrenitis delirium<phren phrenos mind]
frenzied a.激怒的;瘋狂的 [~ rage 盛怒 become ~ 發狂]
fresco n.壁畫 [It, = cool, fresh]
freshet n.洪水 [prob<OF freschete<frais FRESH)freshener 清涼劑]
fretful a.焦急的;煩躁的 [FRET(使)煩躁;焦慮]
friction n.衝突;磨擦 [F<L frictio -onis<fricare frict- rub]
frigid a.嚴寒的 [L frigidus<frigere be cold<frigus(n)cold frigidity 寒冷;冷淡(女性的)冷感症]
fringe n.緣飾;前額的垂發 [ME & OF frenge ult<LL fimbria(earlier only in pl)fibres, fringe]
frisk v.n.戲躍;嬉戲 [obs frisk(adj)<OF frisque lively FRISKY 活潑的;快活的]
frisky a.亂跳的;歡鬧的;快活的
fritter v.浪費;果肉餡油炸餅 [ME<OF friture ult<L frigere frict- FRY) ~ away one’s time(on playing cards) 浪費某人的時間(在玩紙]牌 [上) apple ~s 蘋果餡油炸餅]
frivolous a.輕浮的;無價值的 [L frivolus silly, trifling frivolity 輕薄;輕率;不足取的事]
frizz v.n.使成卷發;卷發 [F friser, perh<the stem of frire FRY frizzle發嘶嘶聲;卷發]
frolic v.n.嬉戲;歡鬧;狂歡的聚會 [Du vrolijk(adj)<vro glad+-lijk -LY frolicsome愛嬉戲的;快活的]
frond n.複葉;葉狀體 [L frons frondis leaf]
froward a.剛愎的;頑固的 [ME<FRO+-WARD]
frowzy a.懶散的;污穢的;悶熱的 [cf earlier frowy]
fructify v.結果實 [ME<OF fructifier<L fructificare<fructus FRUIT]
frugality n.節儉 [FRUGAL節約的]
fruition v.結果;實現;完成 [ME<OF<LL fruitio -onis<frui enjoy, erron assoc with FRUIT]
frustrate n.破壞;挫敗 [ME<L frustrari frustrat-<frustra in vain]
fugitive a.逃亡者 [ME<OF fugitif -ive<L fugitivus<fugere fugit- flee]
fulcrum n.杠桿支點 [L, = post of a couch,<fulcire to prop]
full-bodied a.醇厚的;魁梧的;重要的
fulminate v.猛烈攻擊;怒喝;爆炸 [L fulminare fulminat-<fulmen -minis lightning fulmination 嚴厲譴責,怒喝 爆炸]
fulsome a.虛情假意的;豐滿的 [ME<FULL+-SOME FULSOMENESS虛情;讒寐]
fumble v.摸索 [LG fummeln, fommeln, Du fommelen]
fume n.蒸氣;憤怒;激怒 [ME<OF fum<L fumus smoke & OF fume<fumer<L fumare to smoke fumigate烘;燒香;以煙熏消毒]
functionary n.官員;公務員 [FUNCTION工作;功能]
funereal a.悲哀的 [L funereus(FUNERAL)]
furor n.狂熱;大騷動 [make (create) a ~ 書籍、劇本等的風靡一時;受到狂 熱的贊賞]
furtive a.偷偷的 [F furtif -ive or L furtivus<furtum theft]
fusion n.融合;聯合 [F fusion or L fusio(FUSE熔化;保險絲)]
fuss n.v.大驚小怪;無事自擾 [18th c: perh Anglo-Ir]
fussy a.愛挑剔的;難取悅的 [a ~ old lady 愛挑剔的老婦人 Are you ~ about what you wear? 你介意 (在意) 自己的穿著嗎? fuzzy ]<[布、衣服>絨毛的,起毛的 <物、想法等>模糊不清的_]
Unit 14
gabble n.急促而不清楚地說出
[MDu gabbelen(imit)gabber 嘮叨的人 If he is working amid ~s in a press box, he becomes deaf 如果他 在新聞記者席上與一群好嘮叨的人工作,他就充耳不聞
gadfly n.牛蠅;令人討厭的 [obs gad goad, spike<ON gaddr, rel to YARD]
gag v.塞住...的嘴
[~ a person(with adhesive tape)(以膠帶)貼住某 人的嘴巴 ~ the newspapers 封鎖報紙(的報導),壓制新 聞報導 的自由
gage n.挑戰;抵押 [ME<OF gage(n), F gager(v)ult<Gmc, rel to WED(文語)與結婚,嫁給 使結合(<OE "典當,約定")]
gaiety n.愉快;狂歡;華美 [F gaiete(GAY)]
gainsay v.否認 [ME<obs gain- against<ON gegn straight<Gmc+SAY]
gait n.步態 [var of GATE; with (in) a slow ~ 以緩慢的步伐]
galaxy n.銀河;一群顯赫的人 [ME<OF galaxie<medL galaxia, LL galaxias<Gk<gala galaktos milk]
gale n.大風 [OE gagel(le), MDu gaghel]
gall n.膽汁;怨恨;厚顏無恥 [ME<OF galle<L galla]
gallant a.v.n.英勇的;美男子;調戲 [ME<OF galant part of galer make merry gallantry 勇敢,英勇 英勇行為(對婦女的)殷勤 (親切)]
galleon n.大帆船 [MDu galjoen<F galion<galie galley, or<Sp galeon]
gallows n.絞首台;絞刑;吊褲帶 [原義為"驚恐"come (go, be sent) to the ~ 上絞架,被處絞刑]
galvanize v.使驚跳;激動 [F galvaniser: GALVANISM流電;電療法]
gambol v.歡跳;雀躍 [GAMBADE 馬的跳躍;惡作劇]
gamester n.賭徒
gamut n.全部範圍;全部 [<GAMMA taken as the name for a note one tone lower than A of the classical scale+ut the first of six arbitrary] [names of notes form]
gape v.裂開 [ME<ON gapa]
garble v.篡改;曲解 [It garbellare<Arab garbala sift, perh<LL cribellare to sieve<L cribrum sieve篩子;說話輕率不能保密的人]
gargantuan a.龐大的;巨大的 [the name of a giant in Rabelais’ book Gargantua(巨人傳)(1534)]
garish a.炫耀的;華麗的 [garland(勝利、成功之)榮冠;榮譽,花環,花冠;選集]
garland n.花環;詩歌選;獎品 [ME<OF garlande]
garner v.收藏;取得 [ME(orig as noun)<OF gernier<L granarium GRANARY谷倉]
garnish v.裝飾 [ME<OF garnir<Gmc]
garrulous a.愛說話的 [L garrulus<garrire chatter garrulity 饒舌;多嘴]
gash n.細長的傷口;裂縫;深切 [好說話的;聰明的;穿著整齊的]
gastronomy n.美食法;美食學 [F gastronomie<Gk gastronomia(GASTRO-, -nomia<nomos law)]
gauche a.笨拙的;粗魯的 [F, = left-handed, awkward gaucherie n]
gauge v.精確計量 [ME<ONF gauge, gauger]
gaunt a.瘦削的;憔悴的;貧瘠的
gauntlet n.鐵手套 [earlier gantlope<Sw gatlopp<gata lane, lopp course, assim to GAUNTLET]
gaze n.v.凝視;注視 [cf obs gaw GAWK 笨拙的人,愚蠢的人,呆子 張口呆視()(at)]
gazette n.公報;官報 [F<It gazzetta<gazeta, a Venetian small coin GEZETTEER地名詞典;地名表]
gem n.珠寶 [ME<OF gemme<L gemma bud, jewel]
genealogy n.宗譜;家系 [<Gk genealogia<genea race]
generality n.概略;概說 [F generalite<LL generalitas -tatis(GENERAL)]
generate v.產生;生成 [L generare beget(GENUS)]
generic a.屬的;類的;普通的 [F generique<L GENUS]
geniality n.愉快;誠懇;親切 [genial 爽快的;和藹的,殷勤的]
genre n.(文藝的)類型;風俗畫 [F, = a kind(GENDER性)]
genteel a.有教養的;裝作貴族的 [earlier gentile, readoption of F gentil GENTLE]
gentility n.高貴的出身;有涵養 [ME<OF gentilite(GENTLE)]
gentry n.紳士階級 [prob<obs gentrice<OF genterise var of gentelise nobility<gentil GENTLE]
genuflect v.屈膝;跪拜(之態度) [ecclL genuflectere genuflex-<L genu the knee+flectere bend]
genuine a.名副其實的 [L genuinus<genu knee, with ref to a father’s acknowledging a new-born child by placing it on his knee: later] [associated with GENUS]
germane a.有密切關系的;恰當的 [var of GERMAN)The fact is not ~ to this issue 此事實與此問題無 密切關系]
gestate v.孕育 [GESTATION n]
gesticulation n.手勢;姿勢 [gesticulari<gesticulus dimin of gestus GESTURE]
ghastly a.恐怖的 [ME gastlich<obs gast terrify: gh after ghost]
ghoul n.食尸鬼;嗜好古怪的人 [Arab gul protean desert demon]
gibber v.胡言亂語地說 [Aboriginal]
gibbet n.絞架 [ME<OF gibet gallows dimin of gibe club, prob<Gmc]
gibe n.譏笑;嘲弄 [perh<OF giber handle roughly 也寫作JIBE,但JIBE還有另一個意思"與一致"]
gilded a.鍍金的;富有的 [GILD鍍金]
gimmick n.花招;裝置;竅門;噱頭 [20th-c US]
gist n.要旨;梗概 [OF, 3rd sing pres of gesir lie<L jacere]
glabrous a.無毛的;平滑的;光禿的 [L glaber glabri hairless]
glamorous a.富有魅力的;迷人的 [18th c: var of GRAMMAR, with ref to the occult practices associated with learning in the Middle Ages]
glare n.v.發眩光;耀眼;光滑的 [perh<glare frost(16th c, of uncert orig)]
glaze v.裝玻璃;使表面光滑 [ME<an oblique form of GLASS]
gleam v.發閃光;閃現 [OE gl’m: cf GLIMMER]
glean v.撿拾;收集 [ME<OF glener<LL glennare, prob of Celt orig]
glib a.言詞伶俐的 [rel to obs glibbery slippery<Gmc: perh imit]
glimmer n.v.微光;閃爍;隱約現出 [ME prob<Scand<WG: GLEAM(在微暗處閃耀的)微光 the ~ of dawn 黎明的微光]
glimpse n.v.瞥見;一瞥;隱約看見 [ME glimse corresp to MHG glimsen<WG(GLIMMER)]
glisten v.閃爍;閃光 [OE glisnian<glisian shine]
gloaming n.黃昏;薄暮 [OE glomung<glom twilight, rel to GLOW]
gloat v.心滿意足、興災樂禍地看
[MHG glotzen stare He ~ed over his gold 他心滿意足地注視自己的黃金 He ~ed over his rival’s failure 他對敵手的失敗興災樂禍
gloom n.v.幽暗;憂鬱;悲哀 [ME gloum(b)e: cf GLUM(意氣消沉而)陰鬱的,(憂鬱而)悶悶不樂的 a ~ mood 不高興 Don’t look so ~!] [別那樣悶悶不樂 gloomy 幽暗的;黑暗的]
glossary n.詞匯解釋;詞匯表 [L glossarium<glossa GLOSS]
glut v.使充滿;過多地供應 [ME prob<OF gloutir swallow<L gluttire: cf GLUTTON 貪食者,老饕(口語)(對)入迷的人;熱心者 (for,of)]
glutinous a.粘的;膠質的 [F glutineux or L glutinosus(GLUTEN麩質)]
gluttonous a.貪吃的 [ME<OF gluton, gloton<L glutto -onis<gluttire swallow, gluttus greedy gluttony n]
gnarled a.多瘤節的;粗糙的 [var of knarled, rel to KNURL節;瘤;隆起]
gnaw v.嚙;啃 [OE gnagen, ult imit gnawing咬;不斷的苦痛;苛責]
gnome n.侏儒;地精;格言 [Gk gnome opinion<gignosko know]
goad v.刺激;驅迫 [OE gad, rel to Lombard gaida arrowhead<Gmc]
gorge n.峽谷;塞飽;拼命吃 [ME<OF gorge throat咽喉 ult<L gurges whirlpool旋渦]
gorgeous a.華麗的;豪華的;絢爛的 [earlier gorgayse, -yas<OF gorgias fine, elegant ~ly ad華麗地,豪華地 ~ness n華麗,豪華,燦爛]
gory a.流血的;殘酷的 [a ~ battle 血腥的戰爭 a ~ film(多血腥場面的)殘酷的影片]
gossamer n.蛛絲;薄紗;如游絲的
[<GOOSE+SUMMER(goose summer, early November when geese were eaten, gossamer being common then)]
gouge v.鑿;挖出 [F<LL gubia, perh of Celt orig ~ out one’s initials on a tree 在樹上鑿刻某人的 姓名字首 He had his eyes] [~d out 他兩眼被挖出]
gouging n.欺詐;勒索
gourmand n.美食者 [gourmandise 亦作gormandize 對美食的興趣;口腹之欲]
gourmet n.美食家 [F, = wine-taster: sense infl by GOURMAND(<F "品嘗葡萄酒的人")]
graft n.v.接枝;植皮;貪污 [~ two varieties together 把兩樣變種接在一起 ~ (on) a new skin 移植新的皮膚]
granary n.谷倉;主要來源 [L granarium<granum grain谷粒]
grandeur n.壯麗;堂皇 [F<grand great, GRAND]
grandiloquent a.誇張的 [L grandiloquus(GRAND, -loquus -speaking<loqui speak), after eloquent etc]
grandiose a.宏偉的;堂皇的;誇大的 [F<It grandioso(GRAND, -OSE)]
graphic a.圖表的;生動的 [L graphicus<Gk graphikos<graphe writing]
grate n.鐵柵欄;磨碎;使人煩躁 [ME, = grating<OF ult<L cratis hurdle]
grating n.門窗柵欄;刺耳的
gratis a.免費的 [L, contracted ablat pl of gratia favour]
gratuitous a.免費的;無必要的 [L gratuitus spontaneous: cf fortuitous 意外的,偶然的 好運的]
gratuity n.小費 [OF gratuite or medL gratuitas gift<L gratus grateful]
greedy a.貪婪的;渴望 [OE gr’dig<Gmc a ~ boy 貪吃的男孩 a ~ miser 貪婪的吝嗇鬼 The plants are ~ for water 植物極需水分] [He is ~ to gain power 他急欲得到權力]
greenhorn n.生手;無經驗的人;新移民 [(<"剛長出角的牛")]
gregarious a.群居的;社交的 [L gregarius<grex gregis flock]
grievance n.抱怨;牢騷 [ME, = injury,<OF grevance(GRIEF)~ committee(勞資間的)訴怨處理委員會]
grievous a.悲傷的;痛苦的 [ME<OF grevos(GRIEVE)]
grill n.烤架;受烤;受炙 [F gril(n), griller(v),<OF forms of GRILLE]
grim a.嚴格的;恐怖的;頑強的 [OE<Gmc a ~ face 嚴厲的表情 a ~ task 討厭的工作 ~ determination 堅定的決心 ~ courage 不屈的] [氣]
grimace v.做鬼臉 [F<Sp grimazo<grima fright]
grind v.n.碾;孜孜工作
[OE grindan, ~ coffee beans 碾咖啡豆 ~ an ax on a grindstone 以磨刀石磨斧頭 ~ away at one’s English 拼命苦學英語 ~(away)for an exam 勤苦地准備考
grip v.抓住 [OE gripe, gripa handful(GRIPE)GRIPPING引起主意的]
gripe v.抱怨;發牢騷 [OE gripan<Gmc: cf GROPE]
gripping a.扣人心弦的
grisly a.可怕的 [OE grislic terrifying]
grit n.砂礫;勇氣;膽量;咬緊 [OE greot<Gmc: cf GRITSpl(谷物的)粗碾;(尤指)粗碾玉蜀黍 , GROATS pl 去殼碾碎的燕麥 (小麥)]
groom n.馬夫;新郎;修整;照顧 [ME, orig = boy]
grope v.摸索 [OE grapian<Gmc ~ after the truth 追求真理 I ~d my way in (out, toward the door) 我摸索著走進 ( 去],[到門口) gropingly 摸索著;暗中摸索地]
gross a.大的;粗暴的;總體的 [ME<OF gros grosse large<LL grossus:(n)<F grosse douzaine large dozen]
grotesque a.怪異的東西 [earlier crotesque<F crotesque<It grottesca grotto-like(painting etc)fem of grottesco(GROTTO, -ESQUE)]
grotto n.岩穴;洞室 [It grotta ult<L crypta<Gk krupte CRYPT(主要指教堂的)地下室,地下墓,地窖]
grouch n.不高興的人;發牢騷 [var of grutch: GRUDGE(<古法語"抱怨")吝于給<人>嫉妒<人的成功等>He ~s my success 他嫉妒我] [成功]
grouse n.v.松雞;牢騷;訴苦 [GROUSE 作為"牢騷"是 GROUCH 的變體]
grovel v.匍匐;五體投地;奴顏卑膝
[back-form<obs grovelling(adv)<gruf face down<on grufe<ON gr*fu, later taken as pres part groveler五體 投地的人;卑恭屈節的人=groveller
growl n.吠聲;咆哮聲;咆哮;吼 [The dog ~ed at the stranger 那條狗對著陌生人 狂吠]
grudge v.怨恨;惡意 [ME grutch<OF grouchier murmur grudging不情願的;勉強的 吝嗇的,小氣的 嫉妒的]
gruel n.稀粥
[ME<OF, ult<Gmc, rel to GROUT(建)給塗(或灌)薄漿;給塗薄膠泥(複)(去殼的)谷粒;(尤指)燕麥片;麥 片粥
grueling a.令人筋疲力竭的 [a ~ training 累人的訓練 gruesome 令人毛骨悚然的;令人戰慄的;可怕的]
gruesome a.令人毛骨悚然的; 可怕的 [Sc grue to shudder<Scand+-SOME a ~ tale 令人毛骨悚然的傳說]
gruff a.粗魯的 [Du, MLG grof coarse<WG(rel to ROUGH)]
grumble v.喃喃訴苦 [obs grumme: cf MDu grommen, MLG grommelen,<Gmc]
grumpy a.性情暴躁的 [grump(複)一陣壞脾氣;發火 脾氣壞的人 鬧情緒 just ~ed around the house 對房子周圍的一切都看不] [順眼 抱怨 ~ed about the weather 抱怨天氣]
guarded a.警戒著的;慎重的 [guardable 可守衛的 guardant 亦作 gardant(紋)(指獸面)面的]
guffaw n.哄笑;突然的大笑 [guff(俚)胡扯,瞎扯]
guile n.詐術;騙術 [ME<OF, prob<Gmc]
guilt n.罪;有罪;犯罪行為
guise n.外表;裝束 [disguise假裝;隱瞞]
gull n.v.鷗;易受騙之人;詐欺 [gullible易受騙的]
gulp v.吞飲;抑制;忍氣 [ME prob<MDu gulpen (imit) ~ back (down) one’s tears (rage)] [抑制淚水(怒氣) at (in) one ~ 一口地]
gumption n.進取心;顏料調合法 [gumptious能幹的;機靈的 a ~ little helper一位精明的小助手]
gust n.陣風;味道;嗜好 [ON gustr, rel to gush流出;湧出]
gustatory a.味覺的 [GUSTATION味覺;品嘗]
gusto n.愛好; 滋味; 由衷的高興 [<L gustus taste eat with ~ 吃得津津有味 talk with ~ 談笑風生]
gusty a.刮風的;爆發的;突發的 [a ~ wind 陣風 a dark ~ day 陰暗刮風的日子]
gut n.內髒;內容 [OE guttas(pl), prob rel to geotan pour]
guttural a.喉的 [F guttural or medL gutturalis<L guttur throat]
gynecology n.婦科醫學 [GYNECOID婦女的;有女性特征的]
habiliments n.服裝;衣著
habitat n.自然繁殖地;棲息地 [L, = it dwells: HABITANT居民,居住者]
hack v.n.砍;耕種;踢足球;幹咳 [var of HATCH]
hackneyed a.平凡的;陳腐的 [<倫敦城郊Hackney,以養馬聞名;hack 出租的老馬;陳腐的]
haggard a.憔悴的 [F hagard, of uncert orig: later infl by HAG巫婆]
haggle v.討價還價 [earlier sense ’hack’<ON h]
hairy a.多毛的;毛茸茸的
halcyon a.平靜的;太平的 [<L (h)alcyon能平息風浪的含翠鳥<Gk(h)alkuon kingfisher魚狗]
hallow v.視為神聖;使成神聖 [OE halgian, halga<Gmc hallowed Halloween萬聖節10月31日]
hallucination n.幻覺 [L hallucinatio(HALLUCINATE使產生幻覺)]
halt v.立定;躊躇;停止 [OE halt, healt, healtian<Gmc]
hamlet n.小村 [Hamlet 哈姆雷特 hammam 澡堂(土耳其或東方式)]
hamper v.妨礙;阻擾 [He was ~ed by his long cloak(長披風)]
Unit 15
handicap n.v.障礙;困難;妨礙
handle n.柄;把手;處理;操作 [OE handle, handlian(HAND)]
hap n.運氣 [ME<ON happ hapless不幸的;倒楣的]
haphazard a.偶然的;隨便的 [HAP+HAZARD]
harangue n.長篇的高談闊論 [ME<F<OF arenge<medL harenga, perh<Gmc]
harass v.使煩惱 [F harasser<OF harer set a dog on harassment 煩惱;侵擾;困苦]
harbinger n.先兆;先驅者 [earlier = ’one who provides lodging’: ME herbergere<OF<herberge lodging<Gmc]
harbor n.港彎;避難所;隱匿
hardy a.耐勞的;強健的;耐寒的 [ME<OF hardi pp. of hardir become bold,<Gmc, rel to HARD]
harping n.反複述說 [harpins(造船)(支持船端框架)臨時木材]
harridan n.惡婦;醜老太婆 [17th-c cant, perhaps<F haridelle old horse HARD-RIDDEN]
harrow v.以耙掘;傷害 [ME<ON hervi BARROW獨輪車 HAROWING苦難的;痛心的]
harry v.襲擊 [Guerrillas harried our rear 游擊隊執拗地攻擊我們的後方 Harry魔鬼;惡魔by the Lord ~ 誓必;必然 play] [Old ~ with弄壞]
hasten v.催促;促進;趕快;急行
hatch v.n.孵化;艙口;加陰影 [ME<F hacher<hache HATCHET]
haughty a.傲慢的;自大的 [HAUGHTINESS 傲慢]
haul v.拖;拉 [var of HALE 猛拉;拖曳;(尤指老人)健壯的,矍鑠的]
hauteur n.傲慢;擺架子 [F<haut high]
havoc n.大荒廢;大破壞 [ME<AF havok<OF havo(t), cry ~ 發掠奪(暴行)的號令;鼓動暴行]
hawser n.大纜;大索 [<OF haucier hoist升高;舉起 ult<L altus high]
hazard n.v.危險;孤注一擲;偶然 [ME<OF hasard<Sp azar<Arab az-zahr chance, luck hazadous危險的]
hazy a.有霧的;模糊的 [17th c in Naut use]
heap n.v.累積;堆積;大量 [OE heap, heapian<Gmc]
heathen n.a.異教徒;野蠻的 [本來的意思是"住在長著石南的荒野之人", 羅馬帝國時代, 基督教在都市 比在鄉村擴展得迅速,]所 [住在heathen之人多半不是基督徒 因此 heathen就轉變為]
heave v.用力舉起 [OE hebban<Gmc, rel to L capere take]
hectic a.發熱的;緊張興奮的
[ME etik<OF etique<LL hecticus<Gk hektikos habitual<hexis habit, assim to F hectique or LL a ~ fever 消耗熱,癆病熱 a ~ flush 癆病性潮紅
hedge n.籬笆;障礙;圍住;守衛
[OE hegg<Gmc a quickset ~ 樹籬 a ~ of convention 因襲的障礙,習俗的束縛 He felt ~d in with rules 他覺得受到規則的限制
hedonism n.享樂主義;享樂 [Gk hedone pleasure HEDONISTIC享樂的;快樂論的;快樂主義的]
heed v.留心;注意 [OE hedan<WG heedless不留心的 ~to 對加以注意 take ~ to(of)留心于]
heedlessness n.不注意;調以輕心
heel n.踵;後腳跟;隨從;傾斜 [prob<obs heeld, hield incline,<OE hieldan, OS -heldian<Gmc]
hefty a.重的;肌肉發達的 [a ~ blow 重重的一擊 a ~ price 相當高的價格]
hegemony n.領導權;霸權;盟主權
[Gk hegemonia<hegemon leader<hegeomai lead(<G."指導者")hold ~ over … 對握有領導 (統治,支配) 權]
heinous a.極惡的;可憎的 [ME<OF haineus ult<hair to hate<Frank heinie(蔑)德國人;德國兵]
heliotrope n.向日花 [<Gk heliotropion plant turning its flowers to the sun,<helios sun+-tropos<trepo turn helio-(用于複合 中])[表"太陽"之義, 如:heliograph 日照計]
helm n.v.駕駛盤;統治;操縱 [HELMSMAN 舵手]
helping n.幫助;協助;(食物的)一份
herald n.傳令官;使者;傳達;預告 [ME<OF herau(l)t, herauder<Gmc]
herd n.獸群;大眾;放牧;聚集
[OE heord,(in sense 3)hirdi,<Gmc herdsman 牧人,牧者;家畜群的所有者 (看顧者) (the H~)(天文)牧人 座(Bootes)
heresy n.異端邪說;異教 [ME<OF(h)eresie,<ecclL haeresis, in L = school of thought,<Gk hairesis choice, sect<haireomai choose]
heretic n.持異端學說者;異教徒 [ME<OF heretique<ecclL haereticus<Gk hairetikos able to choose(HERESY)heretical 異教的;矣謁的]
heritage n.世襲的財產;繼承物;傳統 [ME<OF(HERITABLE a<財產等>可傳讓的 <性質、疾病等>遺傳性的]
hermetically ad.密封的;不透氣的 [modL hermeticus irreg<Hermes Trismegistus thrice-greatest Hermes(the founder of alchemy)hermit隱士], [居者,遁世者]
hermitage n.隱士的居處;隱廬葡萄酒 [ME<OF(h)ermitage(HERMIT隱士)]
heterogeneous a.異質的;不同的 [medL heterogeneus<Gk heterogenes(HETERO-, genos kind)]
hew v.砍;伐;削
[OE heawan<Gmc The cottage was hewn as under (in two) by an earthquake 那棟小屋被地震震得崩裂 ( 震裂為兩半) 了 ~ down a tree 砍倒一棵樹
hiatus n.空隙;裂縫 [L, = gaping<hiare gape(成大窟窿的)裂口,裂縫張口注視(),張口呆看(at)]
hibernal a.冬日的;寒冷的 [hibernacle 動物冬眠處]
hidebound a.頑固;氣量狹的;皮包骨的 [HIDE皮+BOUND包裹;約束]
hideous a.可怕的;非常討厭的 [ME hidous<AF hidous, OF hidos, -eus,<OF hide, hisde fear]
hierarchy n.階級制度 [ME<OF ierarchie<medL(h)ierarchia<Gk hierarkhia HIERARCH 教主;掌權者]
hieroglyphic a.象形文字 [<Gk hieroglyphikos(HIERO-神, gluphikos<gluphe carving)]
highbrow n.a.知識分子;賣弄知識者
hilarious a.喜不自禁的;歡鬧的 [L hilaris<Gk hilaros cheerful]
hinder v.妨礙;阻擾;阻礙;打擾 [hindrance 妨害,障礙,阻礙物]
hindmost a.最後方的 [hinder 後面的,後部的 hindgut(胚、動)後腸;尾腸]
hireling n.雇工;雇員 [OE hyrling(HIRE, -LING)]
hirsute a.多毛的;蓬亂的 [L hirsutus]
hiss v.n.發嘶嘶聲;發虛聲制止 [~ at a play (an actor) 對戲劇 (演員) 噓噓地喝倒採 ~ a lecturer 對演說者發出不滿的噓聲 ~ a speaker] [away (down) 發噓聲把演講者轟走 (轟下 台)]
histology n.組織學;組織結構 [histo-, hist-(用于複合字中)表"組織"之義,如:histamine(生化)組胺(蛋白質分解而產生的一種氨基酸] [histie(蘇)(指土地)不毛的]
histrionic a.戲劇的;演劇的 [LL histrionicus<L histrio -onis actor]
histrionics n.裝模作樣;舞台藝術
hitch v.拴;用力移動;被鉤住
[He ~ed his horse to a tree 他把他的馬系在一棵樹上 He ~ed his chair nearer the fire 他把椅子移近火 [一些 ~ a ride (lift) 搭便車]
hoard n.財寶;儲藏;積蓄;蓄財 [~ up treasure 積聚財寶 A squirrel ~s nuts for the winter 松鼠為過冬貯藏堅果(<中OE "寶物")]
hoary a.鬢發斑白的;陳腐的 [a ~ old excuse 老套的辯白]
hoax n.惡作劇 [18th c: prob contr<HOCUS 欺騙]
hobble v.蹣跚;跛行 [ME, prob<LG: cf HOPPLE and Du hobbelen rock from side to side]
hobnob v.n.ad.交好;共飲;隨意地
[hob or nob = give or take, of alternate drinking;earlier hab nab, = have or not have ~ with the rich 與有 [人親密地交往]
hogshead n.大桶 [ME<HOG, HEAD: reason for the name unkn hogskin 豬皮]
hoist v.n.懸起;拉升;發信號 [16th c: alt of hoise<(15th-c)hysse, prob of LG orig: cf LG hissen]
hold v.擁有;占據;舉行;心懷 [obs holl<OE hol(orig adj = hollow), rel to HOLE, assim to HOLD]
hollow a.中空的;凹陷的;虛偽的 [ME holg, holu, hol(e)we<OE holh cave, rel to HOLE]
holocaust n.焚毀 [ME<OF holocauste<LL holocaustum<Gk holokauston(HOLO- (Gk holos whole), kaustos burnt<kaio burn)]
holograph n.親筆文書;手書 [F holographe or LL holographus<Gk holographos(HOLO-(用于複合字中)表"完全,整個"之義 -GRAPH)]
holster n.手槍皮套 [17th c, synonymous with Du holster]
homely a.家庭的;親切的 [homemaker 主婦]
homespun a.家里(織)的
homily n.講道;說教 [ME<OF omelie<ecclL homilia<Gk homilia<homilos crowd homiletics 說教術;布道術]
homogeneous a.同類的 [medL homogeneus<Gk homogenes(HOMO-, genes<genos kind)homogenize 使均勻,使類同 ~d milk ]均 [牛奶]
homonym n.同音異義字 [L homonymum<Gk homonumon(neut adj)(HOMO-, onoma name)]
hone n.磨刀石;磨尖 [OE han stone<Gmc]
hoodwink v.蒙混;欺騙 [orig ’blindfold’,<HOOD頭巾;兜帽;罩上;以頭巾複蓋 n+WINK 眨眼;瞬間;閃爍]
hook n.鐵鉤;圈套;偷竊 [OE hoc: sense of n prob influenced by Du hoek corner hooked鉤狀的]
hortative a.勸告的;獎勵的 [L hortativus<hortari exhort =hortatory]
horticultural a.園藝的 [hortus garden, after AGRICULTURE]
hostelry n.旅館;客棧 [ME<OF(h)ostelerie<(h)ostelier innkeeper(HOSTEL(<古法語"旅館")(英)大學宿舍]
hostile a.懷敵意的;敵人的 [F hostile or L hostilis(HOST)]
hot-headed a.魯莽的
hound n.獵犬;熱中者;追捕;激勵
[OE hund<Gmc a jazz ~ 爵士樂迷 撒紙游戲 ’hare and hounds’ 中的追趕者(<中OE "狗"的意思;此義 後為 dog 所代替)
hover v.n.翱翔;徘徊;躊躇 [ME<obs hove hover, linger]
howl v.咆哮
[ME houle(v), prob imit: cf OWL 貓頭鷹;熬夜的人 howler 號哭的人,哭泣的人(口語)(遭人恥笑的)大 錯誤,愚蠢的錯誤
hoyden n.野丫頭;淘氣姑娘 [orig = rude fellow, prob<MDu heiden同 HEATHEN異教徒;野蠻的人)]
hubbub n.嘈雜;騷亂 [perh of Ir orig: cf Gael ubub int of contempt, Ir ab*, used in battle-cries]
huddle v.亂堆積;草率了事;擁擠 [16th c: perh<LG and ult rel to HIDE]
hull n.莢;蒂;衣服;去殼 [OE hulu ult<helan cover: cf HELE]
humane a.仁慈的;親切的 [var of HUMAN, differentiated in sense in the 18th c]
humble a.謙遜的;身份卑微的 [ME umble, humble<OF umble<L humilis lowly<humus ground: humble pie<UMBLES pl牲畜的內髒]
humbug n.欺騙 [~ a person out of a few pence 從某人那兒騙取一些便士 humbuggery 欺騙;詐欺]
humdrum a.單調的;平凡的 [16th c: prob<HUM by redupl]
humid a.潮濕的 [F humide or L humidus<umere be moist]
humility n.謙卑 [ME<OF humilite<L humilitas -tatis(HUMBLE)]
hummock n.小丘
hump n.圓丘;山脈;意氣消沉
[17th c: perh rel to LG humpel hump, LG humpe, Du homp lump, hunk(of bread)a camel with two ~s 雙 [駱駝 get the ~ 心情鬱悶,煩躁,情緒低落]
hunch n.瘤;預感;駝背;聳肩
[play one’s ~ 憑直覺行動 He sat at the table(with his shoulders)~ed(up) 他聳著肩坐在桌旁 hunchback 駝子(humpback)
hurdle n.竹籬笆;困難;障礙賽跑 [OE hyrdel<Gmc There are numerous ~s on the road to success 在 通往成功的路上會有許多障礙]
husbandry n.節儉;耕種;理家 [husbandman(古)農夫,莊稼人(farmer)]
hush n.無言;沉默;使靜寂 [back-form<obs husht int, = quiet!, taken as a pp.]
husky a.殼的;粗野的 [husk外皮,殼;剝殼;削皮]
hustings n.競選手續;競選演說講台 [late OE husting<ON h*sthing house of assembly]
hybrid n.雜種;混血兒 [L hybrida,(h)ibrida offspring of a tame sow and wild boar, child of a freeman and slave, etc]
hydra n.九頭怪蛇;難根除禍患 [ME<L<Gk hudra water-snake, esp a fabulous one with many heads that grew again when cut off(被海克]力[ 斯(Hercules)殺死的九頭怪蛇
hydrophobia n.狂犬症;恐水症 [LL<Gk hudrophobia(HYDRO-, -PHOBIA)]
hygroscope n.濕度計 [hygro- (複合用詞)表示"濕氣"hygrogram 自動濕度計所作之記錄]
hyperbole n.誇張法 [L(HYPERBOLA)]
hyperborean a.極北的;酷寒的
[LL hyperboreanus<L hyperboreus<Gk huperboreos(HYPER-, Boreas god of the north wind)Hyperborean( 希神)北方淨土之人
hypercritical a.苛求的;吹毛求疵的
hypochondriac n.憂愁症患者 [F hypocondriaque<Gk hupokhondriakos HYPOCHONDRIA憂鬱症;臆想病]
hypocritical a.偽善的;矯飾的 [ME<OF ypocrisie<ecclL hypocrisis<Gk hupokrisis acting of a part, pretence(HYPO-, krino decide, judge)]
hypothecate v.抵押 [medL hypothecare(HYPOTHEC抵押權)]
hypothetical a.假定的 [L<Gk hupothesis foundation(HYPO-, THESIS)]
hysterical a.歇斯底里的 [modL(HYSTERIC)]
icing n.糖衣;結冰
iconoclastic a.破壞偶像的;破除迷信的 [edL iconoclastes<ecclGk eikonoklastes(ICONO- image, klao break)icon(基督聖者等的)聖像,偶像]
identify v.視為同一;使參加;認明
[medL identificare(IDENTITY(<L."同一")同一;本質 conceal one’s ~ 隱瞞身分 lose one’s ~ 失去個性 ( 獨自性) double ~ 雙重人格
ideology n.意識形態 [F ideologie(IDEOLOGUE (尤指倡導或闡釋某思想的) 理論家,思想家]
idiom n.慣用語;成語 [F idiome or LL idioma<Gk idioma -matos private property<idios own, private]
idiosyncrasy n.習性;癖性 [Gk idiosugkrasia<idios own+sun together+krasis mixture]
idle a.v.懶惰的;浪費光陰 [OE idel empty, useless]
idol n.偶像;被崇拜的人或物 [ME<OF idole<L idolum<Gk eidolon phantom<eidos form]
idolatry n.偶像崇拜;過度崇信 [OF idolatrie(IDOLATER)idolater偶像崇拜者]
idyll n.田園生活;田園詩 [L idyllium<Gk eidullion, dimin of eidos form idyllic 田園詩(般)的,牧歌的 美妙的,美好的]
igneous a.火的;火成的 [L igneus<ignis fire]
ignite v.使燃著 [L ignire ignit-<ignis fire]
ignoble a.卑鄙的;下流的 [F ignoble or L ignobilis(IN-, nobilis noble)]
ignominious a.可恥的;不名譽的 [ME<F ignominieux or L ignominiosus ignominy恥辱;屈辱]
ignorance n.不學無術;無知;不知 [ME<OF<L ignorantia(IGNORANT)I was in complete ~ of his intentions 我完全 不知道他的意圖]
illegible a.難讀的
illegitimate a.非嫡出子 [L illegitimus, after LEGITIMATE 有道理的,合理的(無比較級、最高級)嫡出的]
illiberal a.吝嗇的 [F illiberal<L illiberalis mean, sordid(IN-, LIBERAL(<L."自由的")慷慨的,大方的]
illicit a.違法的
illimitable a.無窮的;無限的 [LL illimitatus<L limitatus(IN-, L limitatus pp. of limitare LIMIT)]
illumination n.照明;啟發;啟蒙 [ME<OF illuminer<L(ILLUMINATE)]
illustration n.說明;例解;圖解;圖畫 [E<OF<L illustratio -onis(ILLUSTRATE)]
imbecility n.愚蠢;頑鈍 [F imbecil(l)e<L imbecillus(IN-, baculum stick)orig in sense ’without supporting staff’]
imbibe v.吸取;吸收 [ME<L imbibere(IN-, bibere drink)]
imbroglio n.糾葛;複雜困難的形勢 [It imbrogliare confuse(EMBROIL 把卷入 (糾紛、戰爭等中) (in) They did not wish to become ~ed in the] [dispute 他們不希望卷入這場紛爭中]
imbrue v.浸濕;污染 [OF embruer bedabble(IN-, breu ult<Gmc, rel to BROTH(煮肉等的)湯汁,肉汁(用肉汁加蔬菜等煮成的])[ 清湯
imbue v.浸染;灌輸 [orig as pp.,<F imbu or L imbutus<imbuere moisten]
immaculate a.純潔的;無瑕疵的 [ME<L immaculatus(IN-, maculatus<macula spot)]
immaterial a.非物質的;精神的 [E<LL immaterialis(IN-, MATERIAL)]
immediacy n.直接;即刻;刻不容緩
immerse v.浸;施洗禮;使陷入 [L immergere(IN-, mergere mers- dip)]
imminent a.將來臨的;逼近的 [L imminere imminent- overhang, project imminence急迫;危急]
immobility n.不動;固定
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